Acute Changes in Thyroid Hormone Levels among Thai Pesticide Sprayers

Kongtip, Pornpimol; Nankongnab, Noppanun; Pundee, Ritthirong; Kallayanatham, Nichcha; Pengpumkiat, Sumate; Chungcharoen, Jutamanee; Phommalachai, Chavisa; Konthonbut, Pajaree; Choochouy, Nattagorn; Sowanthip, Preecha; Khangkhun, Phanthawee; Yimsabai, Jutharak; Woskie, Susan

doi:10.3390/toxics9010016

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…36 We found a higher risk of thyroid disorders among females and unskilled laborers. Previous studies in Thailand found elevated thyroid hormones among pesticide using farmers compared to organic farmers, 19,20 but our study did not find an elevated risk among agricultural workers. However, the higher prevalence of thyroid disorders among females is consistent with previous studies.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…18 Additionally, recent studies in Thailand reported dysregulation of thyroid hormone levels among agricultural workers exposed to pesticides. 19,20 Increasing trends in cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, stroke, and diabetes mellitus have created an economic burden in Thailand. 21 In 2009, the economic cost of NCDs was approximately 6617 million USD due to premature deaths and loss of productivity among the workforce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between occupations and selected noncommunicable diseases: A matched case-control among Thai informal workers

Tipayamongkholgul

Kongtip

Woskie

2021

Journal of Occupational Health

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Objectives:We conducted a matched case-control study of informal workers to determine the association between occupational classification and selected types of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Method: We extracted data of patients aged ≥18 years from the Thai National Health Security Office database (NHSO) during 2011-2014. Cases were patients who had a primary diagnosis of: diabetes mellitus (E10-E14), hypertension (I10-I15), ischemic heart disease (I20-I25) or stroke (I60-69), or thyroid gland disorder (E00-E07).Controls were patients who had a primary diagnosis of intestinal or parasitic infections (A00-A09 and B25-B99), and were randomly matched 1:1 with cases of the same age and residential area. The four-digit occupation codes recorded in the NHSO were grouped and recoded based on the submajor groups of International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08) as follows: agricultural workers, unskilled workers, service, and sales workers. Analysis was performed using multivariable conditional logistic regression. Results: Occupation and sex inequalities were present among all the selected NCDs.Higher risk for the four selected NCDs was found among unskilled workers. Stronger risk for cardiovascular disease was present among males, while females had a higher risk for metabolic disorders. Conclusions: There is a need to understand what are the key factors that increase the risk for NCDs among informal sector workers. Health promotion campaigns are needed to raise awareness among economically and social disadvantaged informal workers about the risk for NCDs. This will require collaboration between public health and the workforce, and allocation of government budgets to address the needs of these workers.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between occupations and selected noncommunicable diseases: A matched case-control among Thai informal workers

Tipayamongkholgul

Kongtip

Woskie

2021

Journal of Occupational Health

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“…In that study, we found that exposure to NEOs is related to alterations of red blood cell indices in male farmworkers (a separate manuscript is being prepared). Furthermore, we did not observe any association between DAP concentrations and hematological parameters; however, previous studies reported associations between DAP metabolites and hormones [ 15 , 32 , 33 ]. Although data are available about the relationship between OP exposure and reproductive health and steroid hormones, little has been reported about the association between NEO exposure and human health.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

Exposure to Organophosphate and Neonicotinoid Insecticides and Its Association with Steroid Hormones among Male Reproductive-Age Farmworkers in Northern Thailand

Suwannarin

Prapamontol

Isobe

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Several studies indicated organophosphate (OP) and neonicotinoid (NEO) insecticides are endocrine disruptors; however, data are scarce. This cross-sectional study recruited 143 male farmworkers aged 18–40 years in Fang district, Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand. OP exposure was assessed by measuring urinary dialkylphosphate (DAPs) using a gas-chromatography flame photometric detector. Urinary NEOs, their metabolites (NEO/m) and serum steroid hormones were measured using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Characteristics of participants were determined by face-to-face interviews. DAPs and five NEO/m were detected in more than 60% of samples. The concentration of diethylphosphate was highest among DAP metabolites (geometric mean concentration (GM: 23.9 ng/mL) and the concentration of imidacloprid (IMI) was highest among NEO/m (GM: 17.4 ng/mL). Linear regression models showed that the IMI level was positively associated with testosterone, dehydrocorticosterone (DHC) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels. Imidacloprid-olefin and DHEA levels were positively associated. Thiamethoxam (THX) were inversely associated with DHC and deoxycorticosterone levels. Clothianidin (CLO), THX and N-desmethyl-acetamiprid levels were positively associated with the androstenedione level. CLO and THX levels were inversely associated with the cortisone level. In conclusion, the association between NEO insecticides exposure and adrenal androgens, glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, suggest potential steroidogenesis activities. Our findings warrant further investigation.

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“…The most used insecticides in Thailand are the organophosphates and synthetic pyrethroids [4]. Conventional farmers sometimes mix and spray several pesticides together to save time and the cost of spraying, if sprayers are hired [5]. There were 805 pesticide poisoning cases from organophosphate and carbamate pesticides and 58 deaths reported for the period of October 2018 to June 2019 in Thailand [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Organophosphate Metabolites and Metabolic Biomarkers of Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand

Kongtip

Nankongnab

Kallayanatham

et al. 2021

Toxics

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Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are used by most farmers to remove insects and to increase productivity; however, questions remain on the long-term health impacts of their use. This study assessed the relationship between OP biomarker levels and metabolic biomarker parameters. Conventional farmers (n = 213) and organic farmers (n = 225) were recruited, interviewed, and had physical health examinations. Serum glucose and lipid profiles, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) were measured. The average age, gender, education, and self-reported agricultural work time, work in second jobs, smoking status, alcohol consumption, insecticide use at home, home location near farmlands and years of pesticide use were significantly different between the conventional and organic farmers. The urinary OP metabolite levels were also significantly different between the two groups. With an increase in urinary diethyl phosphate, dimethyl phosphate and dialkyl phosphate metabolites, the total cholesterol, LDL and HDL, were significantly increased for all farmers after controlling for age, gender, alcohol consumption, years of pesticide use, and home location near farmlands. The results are consistent with our previous studies which suggests that pesticide usage, especially organophosphates, may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke among Thai farmers.

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Acute Changes in Thyroid Hormone Levels among Thai Pesticide Sprayers

Cited by 19 publications

References 64 publications

Association between occupations and selected noncommunicable diseases: A matched case-control among Thai informal workers

Association between occupations and selected noncommunicable diseases: A matched case-control among Thai informal workers

Exposure to Organophosphate and Neonicotinoid Insecticides and Its Association with Steroid Hormones among Male Reproductive-Age Farmworkers in Northern Thailand

Urinary Organophosphate Metabolites and Metabolic Biomarkers of Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand

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