Acute changes in knee cartilage transverse relaxation time after running and bicycling

Gatti, Anthony A.; Noseworthy, Michael D.; Stratford, Paul W.; Brenneman, Elora C.; Tötterman, S.; Tamez-Peña, José G.; Maly, Monica R.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.01.017

Cited by 27 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Indeed, the cohort comprised experienced recreational runners (average 12.1 years of experience, running 22.7 km/week). It has been previously suggested that greater baseline levels of physical activity could lead to smaller changes in tibiofemoral T2 values after loading [6,9]. Cartilage adaptation to loading could potentially lead to less T2 variations after a bout of running, and perhaps a longer run would have been necessary to observe reductions in T2 values in this cohort of experienced runners.…”

Section: T1ρ Relaxation Time Values (Ms)mentioning

confidence: 82%

“…While every effort was made to commence MRI as soon as possible, T2 postA started nearly 20 min after the run. In comparison, studies that reported significant decreases in T2 commenced data collection b4 min after running [7,9]. The longer period in the current study could have allowed water to migrate back into the cartilage before measurements took place.…”

Section: T1ρ Relaxation Time Values (Ms)mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Upon arrival, they were asked to rest in a seated position for 15 min while they completed questionnaires about demographics, running habits (experience, weekly running distance) and knee symptoms (Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; KOOS) [14]. In total, participants unloaded their knee cartilage for approximately 30 min (filling-in questionnaires, preparation for MRI, survey scans) before collection of MRI data started, as per previous studies [6,9].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Behzadi et al reported reductions of 12.3-13.2% immediately after a 45-minute run [7], while Subburaj et al noted decreased T2 relaxation times after 30 min of running, albeit only in the medial tibiofemoral compartment (5.4%) [6]. Gatti et al also found that 15 min of running was sufficient to reduce tibial T2 values by 6.1% [9]. Interestingly, these previous studies were all conducted in healthy young individuals (mean age b 30 years).…”

Section: T1ρ Relaxation Time Values (Ms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research has suggested that a single bout of running could measurably affect cartilage properties, as assessed using these MRI techniques [5]. For example, tibiofemoral T2 relaxation time decreased immediately following 15 to 45 min of running [6][7][8][9], while T1ρ relaxation time decreased after running for 30 min in young, healthy individuals. Together, these results suggest that water is expelled from cartilage secondary to high compression forces sustained during the stance phase of running, which can reach as much as 10.4 bodyweights [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cartilage recovery in runners with and without knee osteoarthritis: A pilot study

et al. 2019

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Objective: Running is an easy way of meeting physical activity recommendations for individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA); however, it remains unknown how their cartilage reacts to running. The objective of this pilot study was to compare the effects of 30 min of running on T2 and T1ρ relaxation times of tibiofemoral cartilage in female runners with and without KOA. Methods: Ten female runners with symptomatic KOA (mean age 52.6 ± 7.6 years) and 10 without KOA (mean age 52.5 ± 7.8 years) ran for 30 min on a treadmill. Tibiofemoral cartilage T2 and T1ρ relaxation times were measured using magnetic resonance imaging prior to and immediately after the bout of running. Repeated-measures analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were conducted to examine between-group differences across scanning times. Results: No Group × Time interactions were found for T2 (P ≥ 0.076) or T1ρ (P ≥ 0.288) relaxation times. However, runners with KOA showed increased T2 values compared with prerunning in the medial and lateral femur 55 min post-running (5.4 to 5.5%, P b 0.022) and in all four tibiofemoral compartments 90 min post-running (6.9 to 11.1%, P b 0.01). A significant group effect was found for T1ρ in the medial femur, with greater values in those with KOA compared with controls. Conclusion: While Group × Time interactions in T2 and T1ρ relaxation times remained statistically insignificant, the observed significant increases in T2 in runners with tibiofemoral osteoarthritis TFOA may suggest slower and continuing changes in the cartilage and thus a need for longer recovery after running. Future research should investigate the effects of repeated exposure to running.

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Section: T1ρ Relaxation Time Values (Ms)mentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: T1ρ Relaxation Time Values (Ms)mentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: T1ρ Relaxation Time Values (Ms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cartilage recovery in runners with and without knee osteoarthritis: A pilot study

et al. 2019

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Feasibility of T2 Mapping of the Sacroiliac Joints in Healthy Control Subjects and Children and Young Adults with Sacroiliitis

Francavilla

Serai

Brandon

et al. 2021

ACR Open Rheumatology

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Objective. To assess the feasibility of T2 mapping for evaluating pediatric SIJ cartilage at 3 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods. Healthy control subjects and adolescents with sacroiliitis underwent a 3T MRI dedicated pelvic protocol that included a T2 mapping sequence consisting of multislice, multiecho acquisition. Healthy control subjects were prospectively recruited from our primary care practices as part of a larger imaging study, whereas adolescents with sacroiliitis were recruited specifically for this study. Regions of interest (ROIs) were hand-drawn by a senior pediatric radiologist twice and a radiology fellow twice to calibrate and test reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). T2 relaxation time between control subjects and cases was compared using univariate linear regression. We tested the association of T2 relaxation time in adolescents with sacroiliitis with patient-reported outcomes and the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada sacroiliac joint (SIJ) inflammation and structural scores using Pearson correlation coefficients.Results. Fourteen subjects were evaluable (six control subjects: median age 13.7 years [interquartile range (IQR): 12.2-15.5], 67% male patients; eight cases: median age 17.4 years [IQR: 12.5-20], 88% male patients]. Acquisition time for T2 mapping sequences was approximately 6 minutes, and segmenting the ROI for each SIJ took approximately 3 minutes. The intrarater and inter-rater ICCs were 0.67 and 0.46, respectively, indicating good to fair reliability. There was a trend, albeit statistically insignificant, in longer median T2 relaxation time in cases (43.04 ms; IQR: 41.25-49.76 ms) versus healthy control subjects (40.0 ms; IQR: 38.9-48.6 ms). Although not statistically significant, cases with longer T2 relaxation time tended to occur with poorer patient-reported outcomes. Correlations with the SIJ inflammation and structural lesion scores were weak.Conclusion. T2 mapping of the SIJ cartilage in children was feasible and reliable. Larger controlled and longitudinal assessments are needed to assess the validity and utility of these measurements for routine clinical practice and trials.

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Effectively Measuring Exercise‐Related Variations in T1ρ and T2 Relaxation Times of Healthy Articular Cartilage

Kessler

Mackay

McDonald

et al. 2020

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Background: Determining the compositional response of articular cartilage to dynamic joint-loading using MRI may be a more sensitive assessment of cartilage status than conventional static imaging. However, distinguishing the effects of jointloading vs. inherent measurement variability remains difficult, as the repeatability of these quantitative methods is often not assessed or reported. Purpose: To assess exercise-induced changes in femoral, tibial, and patellar articular cartilage composition and compare these against measurement repeatability. Study Type: Prospective observational study. Population: Phantom and 19 healthy participants. Field Strength/Sequence: 3T; 3D fat-saturated spoiled gradient recalled-echo; T 1ρ-and T 2-prepared pseudosteady-state 3D fast spin echo. Assessment: The intrasessional repeatability of T 1ρ and T 2 relaxation mapping, with and without knee repositioning between two successive measurements, was determined in 10 knees. T 1ρ and T 2 relaxation mapping of nine knees was performed before and at multiple timepoints after a 5-minute repeated, joint-loading stepping activity. 3D surface models were created from patellar, femoral, and tibial articular cartilage. Statistical Tests: Repeatability was assessed using root-mean-squared-CV (RMS-CV). Using Bland-Altman analysis, thresholds defined as the smallest detectable difference (SDD) were determined from the repeatability data with knee repositioning. Results: Without knee repositioning, both surface-averaged T 1ρ and T 2 were very repeatable on all cartilage surfaces, with RMS-CV <1.1%. Repositioning of the knee had the greatest effect on T 1ρ of patellar cartilage with the surface-averaged RMS-CV = 4.8%. While T 1ρ showed the greatest response to exercise at the patellofemoral cartilage region, the largest changes in T 2 were determined in the lateral femorotibial region. Following thresholding, significant (>SDD) average exercise-induced in T 1ρ and T 2 of femoral (-8.0% and-5.3%), lateral tibial (-6.9% and-5.9%), medial tibial (+5.8% and +2.9%), and patellar (-7.9% and +2.8%) cartilage were observed. Data Conclusion: Joint-loading with a stepping activity resulted in T 1ρ and T 2 changes above background measurement error. Evidence Level: 2 Technical Efficacy Stage: 1

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Acute changes in knee cartilage transverse relaxation time after running and bicycling

Cited by 27 publications

References 32 publications

Cartilage recovery in runners with and without knee osteoarthritis: A pilot study

Cartilage recovery in runners with and without knee osteoarthritis: A pilot study

Feasibility of T2 Mapping of the Sacroiliac Joints in Healthy Control Subjects and Children and Young Adults with Sacroiliitis

Effectively Measuring Exercise‐Related Variations in T1ρ and T2 Relaxation Times of Healthy Articular Cartilage

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