Acute Cerebellitis: A Rare Complication of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)

Kawasaki disease (KD) is one of the most frequent idiopathic vasculitis in children, affecting medium- and small-sized vessels. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 has recently emerged as a new systemic hyperinflammatory condition affecting children some weeks after an acute COVID-19 infection. KD and MIS-C share different aspects and differ in many others: patients affected by MIS-C are usually older, with prominent gastrointestinal manifestations, diffuse adenopathy, extensive conjunctivitis, myocardial damage, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia at the laboratory exams. Both conditions can present neurological complications. The aim of this manuscript is to provide a narrative review of neurological involvement in KD and MIS-C. A comprehensive review literature has been performed, and the main clinical features have been analyzed, contributing to neurological differential diagnosis

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“…MRI and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were normal. He was successfully treated with high-dose corticosteroids ( 100 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological manifestations of Kawasaki disease and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19: A comparison of two different clinical entities

Mauro

Mari²,

Casini³

et al. 2023

Front. Pediatr.

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“…Following the disease definition, fever, rash, cardiac, and GIS involvement signs were reported to be the most common clinical findings of MIS-C, in several cohort studies [14,15 & ,47, [55][56][57][58]. We tried to summarize the main characteristics of MIS-C patients in Table 1 There are also other miscellaneous cases whose cardinal signs have been uncommon such as acute pancreatitis, encephalopathy, cerebellitis, diabetic ketoacidosis, hepatitis, acute appendicitis, mesenteric lymphadenopathy, ocular myasthenia, and papilledema [70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78]. Despite the common similarities between Kawasaki disease and MIS-C, only one MIS-C case has been reported to have erythema and induration of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) scar so far [79].…”

Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are also other miscellaneous cases whose cardinal signs have been uncommon such as acute pancreatitis, encephalopathy, cerebellitis, diabetic ketoacidosis, hepatitis, acute appendicitis, mesenteric lymphadenopathy, ocular myasthenia, and papilledema [70–78]. Despite the common similarities between Kawasaki disease and MIS-C, only one MIS-C case has been reported to have erythema and induration of Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) scar so far [79].…”

Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cursed goodbye kiss from severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 to its pediatric hosts: multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children

Haşlak

Günalp

Kasapçopur

2022

Current Opinion in Rheumatology

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Purpose of reviewWe aimed to summarize a novel disease called multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), which develops several weeks after a severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) illness. Recent findingsGiven the rarity of the disease, the question of why a minority of children develop MIS-C is not known. Certain intrinsic susceptibility factors in the host have been described. In addition to hyperinflammation induced by the innate and acquired immune cells, evidence of molecular mimicry was presented for the disease pathogenesis. As there is an increasing number of infected individuals and mass vaccination schedules, concerns regarding the usefulness of the existing diagnostic criteria sets raised.

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Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: A review

Benvenuto,

Avcin,

Taddio

2024

Acta Paediatrica

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AimTo comprehensively review the literature on multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C).MethodsNarrative review of relevant studies published between April 2020 and January 2024.ResultsMIS‐C is a SARS‐CoV‐2‐related hyperinflammatory syndrome developing 2–6 weeks after COVID‐19 in genetically susceptible individuals. Persisting fever, mucocutaneous manifestations, GI and cardiac involvement, together with lymphopenia and elevated inflammatory and cardiac markers are the main clinical features. It is believed to recognise some pathogenetic and clinical overlap with Kawasaki disease. New case definitions have been proposed after an assessment of the diagnostic performance of existing criteria; epidemiological criterion is however progressively losing its usefulness as the pandemic turns into an endemic and in the areas with the highest rates of COVID‐19 vaccination. Current guidelines recommend both intravenous immunoglobulin and glucocorticoids in the first‐line immunomodulatory treatment, mainly based on comparative retrospective cohorts; the actual role of biologics remains to be adequately established. Strict follow‐up is mandatory, especially for those with severe cardiac involvement, as longitudinal studies evaluate the long‐term evolution of cardiac damage.ConclusionIn this paper, we review the epidemiological, pathogenetic, clinical and prognostic features of MIS‐C, and outline the main questions which still remain unanswered after more than 3 years of research.

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Acute Cerebellitis: A Rare Complication of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Neurological manifestations of Kawasaki disease and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19: A comparison of two different clinical entities

Neurological manifestations of Kawasaki disease and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19: A comparison of two different clinical entities

A cursed goodbye kiss from severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 to its pediatric hosts: multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: A review

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