Acute Cardiovascular Effect of 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol in Essential Hypertension

Jespersen, Bente; Randløv, Annette; Abrahamsen, Jan; Fogh‐Andersen, Niels; Olsen, Niels Vidiendal; Kanstrup, Inge‐Lis

doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(98)00025-9

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The single study that has investigated the short-term effect of vitamin D on cardiovascular hemodynamics showed that vitamin D caused rapid changes in patients with essential hypertension but not in controls. 76 In patients with essential hypertension, the cardiac output decreased by Ϸ15% within 2 hours of intravenous administration of 1␣,25(OH) 2 D 3 (0.2 /kg). This was associated with transient smaller increases in pulse rate and mean blood pressure, suggesting that 1␣,25(OH) 2 D 3 had a nongenomic effect to increase peripheral resistance.…”

Section: Nongenomic Effects Of Vitamin D On Peripheral Vascular Resismentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D, Shedding Light on the Development of Disease in Peripheral Arteries

Norman

Powell

2005

ATVB

105

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Abstract-Vitamin D is generally associated with calcium metabolism, especially in the context of uptake in the intestine and the formation and maintenance of bone. However, vitamin D influences a wide range of metabolic systems through both genomic and nongenomic pathways that have an impact on the properties of peripheral arteries. The genomic effects have wide importance for angiogenesis, elastogenesis, and immunomodulation; the nongenomic effects have mainly been observed in the presence of hypertension. Although some vitamin D is essential for cardiovascular health, excess may have detrimental effects, particularly on elastogenesis and inflammation of the arterial wall. Vitamin D is likely to have a role in the paradoxical association between arterial calcification and osteoporosis. This review explores the relationship between vitamin D and a range of physiological and pathological processes relevant to peripheral arteries. ( T he primary role of vitamin D and its active metabolites is maintaining calcium homeostasis by increasing intestinal calcium absorption and, depending on circulating calcium levels, influencing the balance between bone resorption and formation. The physiological role of vitamin D in skeletal and cellular health has been reviewed elsewhere. 1 Vitamin D also has effects on the microendocrine systems of the vasculature, some of which have only been appreciated recently. This review reflects on the possible influence of vitamin D on peripheral arterial disease, which includes diseases (both occlusive and dilating) of the abdominal aorta and the distal arteries supplying the lower limb. Atherosclerosis is a major contributor to peripheral arterial disease, but the risk factors are subtly different from those for coronary artery disease: smoking is the dominating risk factor for peripheral arterial disease. Does vitamin D have any influence on the disease process? Vitamin D Metabolites and AnaloguesCholecalciferol is a prohormone that is synthesized in the skin by photochemical conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol ( Figure 1). It is subsequently hydroxylated to Nongenomic EffectsIn common with other steroid hormones, 1␣,25(OH) 2 D 3 induces a range of effects which occur too rapidly to involve gene expression. These include increases in intracellular calcium and cGMP levels, activation of protein kinase C and changes in phosphinositide metabolism 11 (Figure 2). The effects are known to be mediated by 1 or more plasma membrane receptors, but their role is unclear in most cell types. 2,11 An example relevant to the arterial wall includes the stimulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration through activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. 12 Target Cells and Tissues for 1␣,25(OH) 2 D 3Classically, the action of 1␣,25(OH) 2 D 3 is to maintain calcium and phosphate homeostasis, with the intestine and bone being key targets. It also acts on a wide range of nonclassical target tissues, including the heart and arterial wall. 13 The influence of 1␣,25(OH) 2 D 3 on these tissues could...

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Section: Nongenomic Effects Of Vitamin D On Peripheral Vascular Resismentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D, Shedding Light on the Development of Disease in Peripheral Arteries

Norman

Powell

2005

ATVB

105

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“…These observations also hold true in humans. Jespersen et al [23] observed that pharmacological doses of vitamin D 3 increased the blood pressure simultaneous with a decrease in cardiac output in patients with essential hypertension, suggesting that the blood pressure increase is mainly due to an effect on peripheral vascular resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Pressure Is Correlated with Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> Serum Levels in Dialysis Patients

et al. 2002

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Background/Aim: The blood pressure, the most influencing factor in cardiovascular disease in end-stage renal failure patients, follows a seasonal variation during the year. Since vitamin D₃ is known to be related to sun exposure, we wanted to evaluate the putative participation of the vitamin D₃ metabolism in blood pressure modifications. Methods: We studied 22 stable hemodialysis patients (11 females and 11 males, mean age ± SD 56 ± 1 year) who had been continuously treated in our dialysis unit for more than 1 year between 1994 and 1997 and did not receive pulse vitamin D₃ treatment. Supine systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured before every dialysis session (>12,000 measurements) and the intact parathormone (iPTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ [25(OH)D₃], and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ [1,25(OH)₂D₃] levels every 3 months (>300 determinations). The mean values of blood pressure per season and per patient were taken for analysis using a 4-year longitudinal study design. Results: The blood pressure varied during the years studied following a seasonal trend. It was highest during autumn and tended to decrease during spring and warmer months. Systolic as well as diastolic blood pressures were significantly correlated with the 25(OH)D₃ levels (p = 0.0291 and p = 0.0327, respectively). No correlation was observed between blood pressure and 1,25(OH)₂D₃ or iPTH levels. Conclusions: There is a link between blood pressure and 25(OH)D₃ level. This interrelation is not secondary to a iPTH modulation. Although it cannot be excluded that vitamin D₃ and blood pressure vary following a third factor with seasonal variations, since vitamin D₃ varies during the year, mainly following sun exposure, we suggest that vitamin D₃ is one of the factors participating in the seasonal variation of the blood pressure. Other factors known to control the blood pressure and particularly the extracellular volume overload may also participate.

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“…Most of the evidence is found in small, short clinical trials or case studies. In a study of individuals with hypertension, 1α,25 (OH) 2 D administration resulted in a transient increase in blood pressure 120 min after a bolus injection (0.02 μg/kg body weight) [40], whereas no change in blood pressure was observed in the nonhypertensive controls. In contrast, in a Japanese case report, blood pressure decreased from 145/96 mm Hg to 128/85 mm Hg after 1α,25(OH) 2 D administration, as did plasma renin activity [32].…”

Section: The Effects Of 1α25(oh) 2 D On Blood Pressurementioning

confidence: 98%

Vitamin D Therapy and Cardiovascular Health

Judd

Tangpricha

2011

Curr Hypertens Rep

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Vitamin D belongs to the family of nuclear steroid hormones, which has pleiotropic effects on several organ systems. Different vitamin D compounds have been studied as potential cardioprotective agents over the past 20 years. The results of these clinical studies vary based on the form and dosage of vitamin D administered during the trial. In the past 5 years, many have described an association of vitamin D compounds and cardiovascular health through reduction in blood pressure, reduction in inflammatory biomarkers, improved insulin sensitivity, and reduction in cardiovascular disease complications and death. Because there are several vitamin D compounds, it is important to consider the full breadth of the literature when examining vitamin D and cardiovascular health, to assist in hypothesis generation and understanding of the current state of the science. Although a growing body of evidence suggests that nutritional vitamin D supplementation and potentially even treatment with synthetic analogues of vitamin D may be cardioprotective, relatively few studies have examined either of these compounds in a randomized, controlled fashion. Studies examining the benefit of vitamin D supplementation are now beginning, but future studies considering calcitriol and analogue therapy also seem warranted.

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Acute Cardiovascular Effect of 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol in Essential Hypertension

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

Vitamin D, Shedding Light on the Development of Disease in Peripheral Arteries

Vitamin D, Shedding Light on the Development of Disease in Peripheral Arteries

Blood Pressure Is Correlated with Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> Serum Levels in Dialysis Patients

Vitamin D Therapy and Cardiovascular Health

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