Acute barium poisoning in a dog after ingestion of handheld fireworks (party sparklers)

Abstract

Objective:To report a case of acute barium poisoning in a dog subsequent to ingestion of a common handheld pyrotechnic (sparkler). Case summary: A 5-year-old female neutered German Shorthaired Pointer presented with acute onset of generalized flaccid muscle paralysis and fasciculations, ptyalism, and an irregular heart rhythm. Marked hypokalemia (1.9 mmol/L [mEq/L]; reference range [3.5-5.8 mmol/L [mEq/L]), acidemia (pH 7.20; reference range 7.38-7.44), and hypoventilation (PvCO 2 55 mm Hg; reference range 40-50 mm Hg) were present on admission. Treatment consisted of fluid therapy, aggressive IV potassium chloride supplementation, gastric lavage, and oral magnesium sulfate administration. Based on history and clinical presentation, barium intoxication after ingestion of handheld firework (sparklers) was suspected and a serum sample was submitted for barium analysis. The serum barium concentration determined by inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry was 2,000 g/L, a 3 orders of magnitude elevation above previously reported normal values in dogs. Within 18 hours of admission, the clinical signs resolved and the blood potassium concentration normalized. The animal was discharged home 36 hours after admission. On follow-up performed after 1 and 5 years, no health issues were apparent. New information provided: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of acute, lifethreatening barium toxicosis characterized by flaccid paralysis, acidemia, and severe hypokalemia occurring in a dog after ingestion of a popular pyrotechnic (sparkler) containing barium nitrate. Clinical signs may resolve within 24 hours with appropriate supportive care including aggressive potassium supplementation and chelation therapy. K E Y W O R D S barium, fireworks, hypokalemia, intoxication, muscular weakness J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2019;29:201-207. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/vec 201

Suspected environmental poisoning by drugs, household products and pesticides in domestic animals

“…Other reported causes of intoxication are fire works/ firecrackers. In our work, a dog developed vomit and a comatose state after the ingestion of firecrackers and in the literature episodes of animal poisoning caused by explosives (mainly due to components such as cyclonite, barium, and chlorate (Gahagan and Wismer, 2018)) are also described (Stanley et al, 2019), sometimes with a fatal outcome (Schediwy et al, 2015). Two enquiries were related to coal tar ingestion by dogs, in one case the animal developed gastrointestinal symptoms with a favorable outcome, whereas the other developed a fatal aspiration pneumonia.…”