Acute Bacterial Sinusitis Complicating Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Young Children

Abstract

Objectives: (1) Analyze the clinical characteristics of upper respiratory infections (URIs) complicated by acute bacterial sinusitis (ABS) in young children.(2) Describe the bacteria and viruses isolated in nasopharyngeal specimens in children with ABS.Methods: We identified ABS episodes in a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of 294 children (aged 6-35 months at enrollment), who were followed up for one year to capture all URI episodes and complications. At the initial URI visit (median day = 4), nasopharyngeal samples were obtained for bacterial cultures and viral studies. The study was conducted at the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, during 2003Galveston, during -2007.Results: Of 1295 documented URI episodes, 103 (8%) episodes (in 73 children) were complicated by ABS, 32 of which were concurrent with acute otitis media. The majority (72%) of ABS episodes were diagnosed based on persistent symptoms or a biphasic course. The average age was 18.8 ± 7.2 months; white children were more likely to have ABS episodes than blacks (P = .01). Viruses were detected in 63% during the initial URI visit; rhinovirus detection was positively correlated with ABS (P = .01). Bacterial cultures were positive in 82/83 (99%) available samples; polymicrobial (56%), Moraxella catarrhalis (20%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (10%) were the most common cultures. Presence of pathogenic bacteria overall and presence of M. catarrhalis during URI were positively correlated with ABS risk (P = .04 for both).Conclusions: ABS complicates 8% of URIs in children. Girls have more frequent ABS episodes than boys. Presence of rhinovirus and M catarrhalis during URI are positively correlated with ABS risk.

Diagnostic Value of the Triple Combination of Serum Heparin-Binding Protein, Procalcitonin, and C-Reactive Protein in Children with Acute Bacterial Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

“…Acute upper respiratory tract infection (AURTI) in children, a pediatric disease with a high incidence, is an upper respiratory tract infection caused by tonsillitis, laryngitis, and sinusitis among children aged 10 and below [1]. It can be categorized into acute bacterial or viral upper respiratory tract infection, among which the latter one is more common among children [2]. Acute bacterial upper respiratory tract infection is mainly diagnosed by the bacterial culture of pharyngeal swabs, which is time-consuming and not conducive enough to early diagnosis and treatment [3,4].…”

Most preschool children hospitalised for acute rhinosinusitis had orbital complications, more common in the youngest and among boys

“…Infections of other origins than the nose and sinuses can have a similar clinical presentation, such as insect bites, conjunctivitis and dacryocystitis, and must be excluded. On the other hand, a strong correlation between viral upper respiratory tract infections and bacterial complications, like acute otitis media and bacterial rhinosinusitis, has been established . There is no clear transitional state when one can be certain, from a clinical point of view, that a bacterial sinus infection has developed, but young children are almost invariably colonised with bacteria in the nasopharyngeal niche.…”

Asymptomatic carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae detected by qPCR on the palm of hands of populations in rural Senegal

“…Its prevalence in nasopharyngeal samples varies from 7 to 99% and depends on the age, health, and socioeconomic status of the study population [15]. In Senegal, few studies on the viral and bacterial etiology of respiratory tract infections are available in pediatric settings [16] . Most of the publications on the prevalence of S .…”