Acute Avoidance Reactions and Behavioral Responses of Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) to Garlon 4®, Garlon 3a® and Vision® Herbicides

Morgan, John D.; Vigers, Gary A.; Farrell, Anthony P.; Janz, David M.; Manville, J. F.

doi:10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[73:aarabr]2.0.co;2

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…These have been shown in some cases to be more toxic than the active ingredient. For instance, the glyphosate formulations Roundup and Vision are 10-100 times more toxic to fish than the active ingredient alone (Folmar et al 1979;Servizi et al 1987;Morgan et al 1991). Rainbow trout are approximately 50 times more sensitive to Roundup (96-h LC50 ¼ 12 mg/L) than to Rodeo (96-h LC50 ¼ 580 mg/L; Mitchell et al 1987).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Effects of Forestry Herbicides on Fish Development Using Rapid Phenotypic Screens

Stehr

Linbo

Baldwin

et al. 2009

N American J Fish Manag

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Herbicides are used to control invasive or noxious plants on public lands throughout the western United States. These chemicals are often applied in the upper reaches of watersheds that provide spawning and rearing habitat for anadromous species of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., steelhead O. mykiss, and bull trout Salvelinus confluentus. As a consequence, natural resource managers must often weigh the ecological benefits of using herbicides to control nonnative plants against the potential for unintended toxicological impacts on salmonids, particularly during early life stages. However, the effects of chemical control agents on fish development have not been widely investigated. Their use in the vicinity of aquatic habitats, including areas that support threatened and endangered species, is therefore a concern. To address this uncertainty, we used the zebrafish Danio rerio as a model experimental system for investigating developmental toxicity, which involved conducting rapid and sensitive phenotypic screens for potential developmental defects resulting from exposure to six herbicides (picloram, clopyralid, imazapic, glyphosate, imazapyr, and triclopyr) and several technical formulations (Tordon K, Transline, Habitat, Plateau, Garlon 3A, and Renovate). Zebrafish embryos were exposed continuously through 5 d of development at nominal concentrations ranging from 3 lg/L to 10 mg/L. Detailed screens were used to examine aspects of ontogeny from early development (gastrulation and segmentation) through organogenesis, hatching, and morphology as free-swimming larvae. Growth was measured at the end of each exposure interval. To detect defects in neural development (sensorimotor integration), the escape reflex of larvae was monitored at 3, 4, and 5 d after fertilization. No developmental toxicity was observed in response to the six individual herbicides or the different technical formulations. The absence of toxicity at relatively high exposure concentrations suggests that noxious weed control activities are not likely to pose a direct threat to the health of salmonids at early life stages.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Effects of Forestry Herbicides on Fish Development Using Rapid Phenotypic Screens

Stehr

Linbo

Baldwin

et al. 2009

N American J Fish Manag

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“…There are very few studies investigating the effect of Release or TBEE on avoidance response of fish and larval amphibians. Changes in rainbow trout behavior occurred at 0.6 mg/L TBEE [37]. Larval amphibian avoidance response was affected at TBEE concentrations of 1.2 mg/L [11].…”

Section: Avoidance Responsementioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of release® herbicide on mortality, avoidance response, and growth of amphibian larvae in two forest wetlands

Wojtaszek

Buscarini

Chartrand

et al. 2005

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Effects of Release herbicide (triclopyr butoxyethyl ester, [TBEE]) on mortality, avoidance response, and growth of larval amphibians (Rana clamitans, Rana pipiens) were investigated using in situ enclosures deployed in two forest wetlands in northern Ontario, Canada. Release was applied at nominal concentrations ranging from 0.26 to 7.68 mg TBEE acid equivalents (AE)/L. No significant deleterious effects of this herbicide on larval growth were detected. However, concentration-dependent mortality and abnormal avoidance response were observed. Most mortality occurred within 96 h following treatment. Median lethal concentration (LC50) values for each species and experimental site ranged from 2.79 to 3.29 mg AE/L, while median effective concentration (EC50) values (abnormal avoidance response) ranged from 1.67 to 3.84 mg AE/L. The LC10 and EC10 endpoints approximated aqueous concentrations (0.59 mg AE/L) expected under direct aerial overspray scenarios, indicating a potential risk of impacts for a small proportion of native amphibian larvae. However, given the low frequency and limited use of this herbicide formulation in Canadian forestry, these risks are considered negligible. Changes in usage patterns would require concurrent chemical and biological monitoring of operational spray programs to accurately quantify the probability and magnitude of real-world exposures and to relate these exposure levels to concentration-response relationships including those described in this study.

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“…Concentrations of triclopyr in aquatic environments have been recorded at 0.25 to 7.86 mg/L, with a maximum expected environmental concentration of 2.7 mg/L [46][47][48][49][50][51]. Experiments examining median lethal concentration values on fish suggest that lethal concentrations may be >200 mg/L [45,52]. Herbicide concentrations used in the present study were prepared from a stock solution in which 27.7 mL of Renovate 3 were pipetted into 0.1 L of aged tap water.…”

Section: Selected Herbicide Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chemical management for invasive plants on the performance ofLithobates pipienstadpoles

Curtis¹,

Bidart²

2017

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Invasive plants impact amphibians by altering habitat, altering species interactions, and releasing potentially toxic secondary chemicals. Despite being costly and having the potential to affect nontarget wildlife, chemical management is commonly used to control invasive plants. Prior research has indicated that individual effects of invasive plants or herbicides can be harmful to aquatic organisms; however, information is lacking on the combined effect of these factors on amphibians. A laboratory experiment was performed to assess the impact of leachates of the invasive plants Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) and European buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica), the herbicide Renovate 3 (triclopyr [3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinyloxyacetic acid]), and the combined effects of each plant leachate and the herbicide on the growth, morphology, and survival of northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens) tadpoles. No effects of treatment on survival were observed. Tadpole exposure to M. spicatum reduced body mass by 17%, exposure to R. cathartica increased body mass by 36%, and exposure to R. cathartica + low herbicide increased body mass by 38% (although only early in the experiment). Exposure to Renovate 3 induced a 16% and 29% decrease in tadpole size in lower (0.22 mg triclopyr active ingredient [a.i.]/L) and higher (0.92 mg triclopyr a.i./L) concentration treatments, respectively. Results from the present study highlight the importance of considering both individual and combined effects of invasive plants and herbicides because they may have different outcomes for tadpole growth and development. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2958-2964. © 2017 SETAC.

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Acute Avoidance Reactions and Behavioral Responses of Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) to Garlon 4®, Garlon 3a® and Vision® Herbicides

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluating the Effects of Forestry Herbicides on Fish Development Using Rapid Phenotypic Screens

Evaluating the Effects of Forestry Herbicides on Fish Development Using Rapid Phenotypic Screens

Effect of release® herbicide on mortality, avoidance response, and growth of amphibian larvae in two forest wetlands

Effects of chemical management for invasive plants on the performance ofLithobates pipienstadpoles

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