Acute aortic and mitral valve regurgitation following blunt chest trauma

Abstract

Traumatic rupture of intracardiac structures is an uncommon phenomenon although there are a number of reports with regards to rupture of the tricuspid, mitral and aortic valves. We report the case of a 25-year-old patient who presented with acute aortic and mitral valve regurgitation of traumatic origin. Both lesions were seen separated by 2 weeks. Pathophysiology is reviewed. The combination of both aortic and mitral lesions following blunt chest trauma is almost exceptional.

Aortic Valve Perforation Secondary to Blunt Force Trauma

“…Traumatic aortic regurgitation is rare (1), with less than 100 cases dating to 2002 (2). It is believed that if blunt force chest trauma occurs during ventricular diastole, the rise of intraaortic pressure against a closed aortic valve may cause rupture or …”

Posttraumatic tricuspid valve perforation and severe tricuspid valve regurgitation

“…Cardiac valve damage is less common, and the most frequent traumatic valvular injury occurs on aortic valve, followed by mitral and tricuspid valves. [6,7] Traumatic tricuspid insufficiency is rare, but the frequency of this disease is probably underestimated, as tricuspid regurgitation has generally slowly progress and causes few symptoms. [7] The main mechanism is the compression of the right ventricle between the sternum and spine, when the valves are closed and the ventricular pressure is high.…”

Acute aortic valve insufficiency following blunt chest trauma

“…However, the chance of severe cardiothoracic injury after blunt chest trauma is still high, about 30% [1,2]. Among these cardiothoracic injuries, myocardial contusion is the most common lesion and is probably underdiagnosed [1][2][3]. Acute aortic valve insufficiency resulting from aortic valve perforation after blunt chest trauma is a rather rare combination [1][2][3][4][5].…”

“…Among these cardiothoracic injuries, myocardial contusion is the most common lesion and is probably underdiagnosed [1][2][3]. Acute aortic valve insufficiency resulting from aortic valve perforation after blunt chest trauma is a rather rare combination [1][2][3][4][5]. The aortic valve is the most commonly injured valve after blunt chest trauma, followed by the mitral valve and the tricuspid valve [2][3][4].…”

“…Moreover, most of these traumatic cardiac lesions are myocardial contusions [3]. However, profound aortic valve insufficiency owing to valve cusp involvement after blunt chest trauma is less common [1][2][3][4][5].…”