Acute and subchronic toxicity of thymoquinone in mice

Badary, Osama A.; Al‐Shabanah, Othman A.; Nagi, Mahmoud N.; Al‐Bekairi, Abdullah M.; Elmazar, Mohamed M.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2299(199806/07)44:2/3<56::aid-ddr2>3.0.co;2-9

Cited by 122 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In addition, it has an immunopotentiating effect through stimulating phagocytic activity and phagocytic index of peritoneal macrophages or activating lymphocytes in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic hamsters (Fararh et al, 2004). Various studies have shown that administration of N. sativa seed extract and its components as oral or intraperitoneally represents a low level of cytotoxicity in rats and mice (Badary, 1998;El Daly, 1998;Khanna et al, 1993;Salem & Hossain, 2000). Similar to these results, the present finding showed that essential oil and methanolic extract of N. sativa had no significant cytotoxic effect whereas thymoquinone indicated higher cytotoxic effect on murine macrophages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activities ofNigella sativaand its active principle, thymoquinone

Mahmoudvand

Tavakoli

Sharififar

et al. 2014

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Context: Leishmaniasis is a complex disease with a broad spectrum of clinical presentations. Objective: We evaluated the anti-leishmanial effects of Nigella sativa L. (Ranunculaceae) against Leishmania tropica and Leishmania infantum with an in vitro model. Materials and methods: Antileishmanial effects of essential oil and methanolic extract of N. sativa (0-200 mg/mL) and thymoquinone (0-25 mg/mL) on promastigotes of both species and their cytotoxicity activities against murine macrophages were evaluated using the MTT assay at 24, 48, and 72 h. Moreover, their leishmanicidal effects against amastigotes were investigated in a macrophage model, for 48 and 72 h. Results: The findings showed that essential oil (L. tropica IC 50 9.3 mg/mL and L. infantum IC 50 11.7 mg/mL) and methanolic extract (L. tropica IC 50 14.8 mg/mL and L. infantum IC 50 15.7 mg/mL) of N. sativa, particularly thymoquinone (L. tropica IC 50 1.16 mg/mL and L. infantum IC 50 1.47 mg/ mL), had potent antileishmanial activity on promastigotes of both species after 72 h. In addition, essential oil (L. tropica IC 50 21.4 mg/mL and L. infantum IC 50 26.3 mg/mL), methanolic extract (L. tropica IC 50 30.8 mg/mL and L. infantum IC 50 34.6 mg/mL), and thymoquinone (L. tropica IC 50 2.1 mg/mL and L. infantum IC 50 2.6 mg/mL) mediated a significant decrease in the growth rate of amastigote forms of both species. Thymoquinone (CC 50 38.8 mg/mL) exhibited higher cytotoxic effects against murine macrophages than the other extracts. Conclusion: N. sativa, especially its active principle, thymoquinone, showed a potent leishmanicidal activity against L. tropica and L.infantum with an in vitro model.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activities ofNigella sativaand its active principle, thymoquinone

Mahmoudvand

Tavakoli

Sharififar

et al. 2014

Pharmaceutical Biology

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“…It has been reported to display various pharmacological activities such as antioxidant (7), antidiabetic (8), cardioprotective (9), hepatoprotective (10), neuroprotective (11), nephroprotective (12), anti-infl ammatory (13), anti-mutagenic (14), and anticancer (15) effects. TQ is of low toxicity (LD50 2.4 g/kg) and is well tolerated when given subchronically till 90 mg/ kg/day for 90 days (16). TQ supplementation considerably protected several organs including liver, against oxidative damage induced by a variety of free radical generating agents (17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The protective effect of thymoquinone over olanzapine-induced side effects in liver, and metabolic side effects

Bilğiç¹,

Korkmaz²,

Azırak³

et al. 2018

BLL

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OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate the possible protective qualities of thymoquinone (TQ) against the side-effects of olanzapine (OLZ) in an experimental model in rat liver with histologic and biochemical assessments. METHODS: Experimental procedures were performed on 35 female Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were randomly divided into fi ve groups as: group 1: control; group 2: OLZ; group 3: OLZ+TQ-1; group 4: OLZ+TQ-2; and group 5: OLZ+TQ-3. RESULTS: The results showed that a 2-week administration of OLZ (4 mg/kg, once a day for the fi rst week, 8 mg/kg once a day for the second week, p.o.) and treatment with TQ (25, 50, 100 mg/kg, once daily, p.o.) signifi cantly reduced weight gain induced by OLZ. In addition, TQ increased the total antioxidant status (TAS), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), insulin levels and decreased serum oxidative stress index (OSI), total oxidant status (TOS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), glucose, triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (CH) levels signifi cantly (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study revealed that treatment with TQ might protect liver tissue against the side-effects of OLZ. TQ could be an effective course of therapy to enhance therapeutic effi cacy (Tab. 4, Fig. 4, Ref. 47). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.

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“…Thymoquinone can significantly reduce oxidative damage, improve the antioxidative effect on the liver, and reduce the fibrosis score (Birkner et al, 2007;Thong-Ngam et al, 2007;Singer et al, 2011). Therefore, we hypothesized that the protective effect of thymoquinone on liver injury was associated with the reduction of hepatic oxidative stress byproduct levels and improvement of the endogenous antioxidant system (Badary et al, 1998;Mansour et al, 2002). The histopathological results showed that thymoquinone could significantly reduce the liver cell damage induced by bile duct ligation and the degree of inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of thymoquinone on cholestatic rats with liver injury

Kong

Yang

et al. 2015

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of thymoquinone treatment on cholestatic rats with liver injury. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into four groups: normal control, bile duct ligation model control, low-dose thymoquinone (25 mg/kg), and high-dose thymoquinone (50 mg/kg). Thymoquinone gavage was administered continuously 3 days before bile duct ligation, and saline, at the same volume, was administered to the control group. The rats were sacrificed after 2 weeks of treatment, and the liver tissues were obtained and frozen. The contents of hydroxyproline (HP), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the homogenate of the liver tissues were determined to evaluate the changes in hepatic tissue pathology by fibrosis scoring. The HP and MDA levels were significantly lower and the SOD and GPx levels were significantly higher in the thymoquinonetreatment group than the corresponding levels in the model control (2015) group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05) and dose-dependent. The hepatic necrosis areas and hepatic fibrosis scores of the thymoquinone-treatment groups were significantly lower than those of the model group (P < 0.05). Thymoquinone increased the antioxidative capacity of liver and reduced the oxidative stress damage to the liver. Thymoquinone can be used as a liver protectant in patients with cholestasis.

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Acute and subchronic toxicity of thymoquinone in mice

Cited by 122 publications

References 19 publications

Leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activities ofNigella sativaand its active principle, thymoquinone

Leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activities ofNigella sativaand its active principle, thymoquinone

The protective effect of thymoquinone over olanzapine-induced side effects in liver, and metabolic side effects

Protective effect of thymoquinone on cholestatic rats with liver injury

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