Acute and subchronic oral toxicity assessments of Combretum micranthum (Combretaceae) in Wistar rats

Toxicity and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of a polyherbal formulation commonly used in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria

“…As to why the kidney of the 20 mL/kg BW group of animals did not show any visible derangements may be explained by the fact that the liver is the primary site of metabolism for xenobiotics, and hence more susceptible to their effects compared to other soft tissues. The observations made in this study are similar to those reported by Kpemissi et al [ 25 ] and Ebbo et al [ 26 ], Chaerunisaawho et al [ 27 ] and Worasuttayangkurn et al [ 28 ] respectively reported the safety of Combretum micranthum , Diospyros mespiliformis, Cassia fistula and Andrographis paniculata extracts to Wistar rats, following acute and sub-chronic toxicity testing.…”

Evaluation of acute and sub-chronic toxicity of lithothamnion sp. in mice and rats

“…Significantly, this is a higher dose level than the LD 50 level already published (2 g/kg BW in rats) [ 11 ]. Although acute toxicity studies often test doses in the range of 5 g/kg BW [ [12] , [13] , [14] ], a higher dose was chosen for this study based on preliminary studies that indicated very low toxicity for this particular product. Furthermore, the product that had been tested was Brazilian in origin, and it is possible that it differs significantly in its composition from the test substance in question (harvested from North Atlantic / Icelandic waters).…”

“…The value of using animal studies to predict toxic effects in humans has been confirmed to have a high predictive value [ 20 ], and depending on regulatory requirements, sub-chronic oral toxicity studies can be carried out over a course of up to 90 days [ 12 , 13 , 21 ]. As is standard practice, changes in general behavior and body weight were used as preliminary markers for toxicity evaluation, and in this study, no mortality, no physical appearance abnormalities or changes in behavioral patterns were observed in all treatment groups (both male and female).…”

“…(Aquamin F) in order to confirm its safety, at high dose rates (higher than those already published). Techniques used in this study are directly comparable with similar published studies evaluating acute and sub-chronic toxicity of naturally occurring plant-derived substances including Combretum micranthum, black caraway seed essential oil, and Andrographis paniculata leaf extract [ [12] , [13] , [14] ].…”

Oral acute and sub-chronic toxicity assessment of aqueous leaf extract of Simarouba glauca DC (Paradise tree)

“…These include drugs such as aspirin (from willow bark), digitoxin (from foxglove), morphine (from the opium poppy), quinine (from cinchona bark), and pilocarpine (Jaborandi) [ 5 ]. However, huge concerns have been raised about the safety of herbal drugs, Thus, necessitated several studies aimed at emphazing the need to evaluate the toxicity of medicinal plants [ [6] , [7] , [8] ]. Although reports of injury or death arising from adverse reactions to plant supplements are scanty [ 9 ].…”