Acute and subchronic co-administrations to cadmium, diazinon and selenium induce apparent osteoporotic symptoms in adult male rats

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) and diazinon (DZN) are known to be environmental risk factors for various bone diseases including osteoporosis. Selenium (Se), an essential constituent of many antioxidant enzymes, has in higher concentrations negative effects on the bone. The present study was aimed to investigate possible changes in femoral bone of adult male rats after their acute and subchronic exposures to Cd, DZN and Se. A total of 30 male Wistar rats were randomized into three experimental groups. The rats in the group A (4-months-old) were injected intraperitoneally with a mixture of 2 mg CdCl2 kg −1 , 20 mg DZN kg −1 and 2 mg Na2SeO3 kg −1 body weight and killed 36 h after xenobiotics had been injected. In the group B, young males (1-month-old) were administered with a combination of 30 mg CdCl2 L −1 , 40 mg DZN L −1 and 5 mg Na2SeO3 L −1 in their drinking water, for 90 days. Ten 4-months-old males without toxicant supplementation served as a control group (C). After treatment period, detailed histological analysis of femoral bone was performed in each group. Our results revealed apparent osteoporotic symptoms (resorption lacunae, osteoporotic fractures) in rats from groups A and B. Moreover, histomorphometrical evaluation showed reduced bone vascularization (constricted primary osteons' vascular canals and Haversian canals) and weakness mechanical properties of bones (smaller size of the secondary osteons) in these rats in comparison with those of the control group. Our study demonstrates for the first time that acute and subchronic co-administrations to Cd, DZN and Se induce evident manifestation characteristics of osteoporosis in male rats.