Acute and Subacute Toxic Study of Aqueous Leaf Extract of &lt;i&gt;Combretum Molle&lt;/i&gt;

Yeo, Dodehe; Bouagnon, Rita; Djyh, Bernard Nazaire; Tuo, Chonta; David, Jean R.

doi:10.4314/tjpr.v11i2.7

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The spleen, the white pulp; central arteriole surrounded by sheets of Lymphocytes and the Red pulp; Lymphocytes with RBC's showed no abnormalities indicating the BERM extract for its non-toxic and safe to use. The results obtained by [34] wherein the acute and sub acute toxic study of aqueous leaf extract of Combretum molle showed some infiltration of inflammatory cells at the level of the portal vein in the liver. The inflammation caused may be due to passive immune response to the extract, which contradicted with our present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

HPLC characterization, acute and sub-acute toxicity evaluation of bark extract of Rhizophora mucronata in Swiss Albino mice

Jairaman¹,

Yacoob²,

Sivanesan

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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Aim: Rhizophora mucronata, commonly called as 'red mangrove' grows in the tropical and subtropical regions and on the sheltered shores. The bioactive compounds from the plant have been used in the treatment of wide range of diseases. Though the beneficial effects have been reported, the safety and toxicological studies are not carried out. Hence, major bioactives have been identified by HPLC and then acute and sub-acute toxicity studies of (BERM) in Swiss Albino mice have been carried out. Main methods: HPLC fingerprinting was carried out of BERM for the characterization of bioactives. BERM as a single dose was given orally at 800, 1600 mg/kg and 3200 mg/kg by a stainless steel cannula to the mice. Then the mice were observed for 14 days for mortality and behavioural changes. Food, water intake and body weight changes were also observed throughout the study period. On the fifteenth day, the mice were anesthetized with isofluorane and blood was withdrawn for haematological and biochemical analysis. The animals were sacrificed by overdose of isofluorane and organs such as liver, kidney, lungs and spleen were dissected out for histopathological analysis. There was no mortality of the mice even in 3200 mg/kg dose, stating that the oral LD50 of BERM is more than 5000 mg/kg. In terms of Sub-acute toxicity, for a period of 28 days repeated dose of 400 mg/ kg and 800 mg/kg as an optimum dose and a control group was kept with only distilled water at 5 ml/kg against the treated groups. On 29 th day, the mice from all groups were sacrificed and blood was withdrawn and organs such as liver, kidney, lungs and spleen were dissected out for the assessment of internal tissues, wherein no abnormalities were observed in the treatment groups as compared to the control. The blood parameters, biochemical analysis of the treated groups were well within the range, histopathological confirmed the findings wherein the organs viz, liver, kidneys, lungs and spleen possessed normal architecture. Key findings: Based on HPLC results, prominent 5 major compounds viz: Diadzein, Epicatechin, Hesperidin, Diosmin and Quercitrin respectively were identified. Isolated changes observed in the haematological, biochemical and histopathological studies were not dose related and showed the safety of the bark extract. Similarly, the sub-acute toxicity of BERM has been conducted for 28 days, wherein repeated dose of 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg and control group was given orally. There were no abnormalities found both in external and internal parameters. Significance: Based on the study it is concluded that the bark extract of Rhizophora mucronata (BERM) is safe at 1000 mg/kg or less on repeated dosage can be considered as a safe dose for pharmacological efficacy studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

HPLC characterization, acute and sub-acute toxicity evaluation of bark extract of Rhizophora mucronata in Swiss Albino mice

Jairaman¹,

Yacoob²,

Sivanesan

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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“…As a result, level of CRP, as indicator of systemic inflammation, in plasma highly increases during acute phase response to tissue injury, infection, or other inflammatory stimuli (Gruys et al, 2005). Different in vitro studies suggested that mollic acid glucoside isolated from C. molle leaves has antiinflammatory and anti-asthmatic activities (Ojewole et al, 2008;Shah et al, 2011;Yeo et al, 2012). However, in the current in vivo study, the observed elevated level of CRP, an indicator of systemic inflammation, could be due to the damaged liver, since elevated liver enzymes are associated with higher CRP concentrations and liver is the main produced of CRP (Kerner et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Combretum molle (Combretaceae) seed extract on hematological and biochemical parameters

Anato¹,

Bezabih²,

Ketema³

2018

J. Med. Plants Res.

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Combretum molle (Combretaceae) is widely used traditional medicinal plant for treatment of different illnesses in most parts of Africa. However, its in vivo toxic effect is not evaluated yet. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate cytotoxic effect of C. molle seed extract on biochemical and hematological parameters using mice. Accordingly, effect of seed extract of the plant on hematological and biochemical parameters and on tissues of different organs were determined. Blood sample collected on the next day of the last dose administration was used for further analysis. Organs were collected in formalin for histological study. Result of the study showed that seed extract of C. molle did not cause significant effects on most red blood cells (RBCs) indices. Also, except eosinophil count, all white blood cells (WBCs) indices showed significant reduction (P<0.05) under use of almost all doses of the seed extract. Level of liver enzymes such as glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (sGOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (sGPT) showed significant increment (P<0.05) in mice treated with different doses of the plant seed extract, while concentration of albumin was significantly reduced (P<0.05). Similarly, significant increament (P<0.05) in levels of kidney function indicators urea and creatinine was observed. At relatively lower dose (125 mg/kg), the crude extract of C. molle seed showed lower effects on haematological, biochemical and immunological parameters. As dose increased, its cytotoxic effect increased.

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“…C. molle was found to have anti-asthmatic and anti-tussive activities [15]. In an investigation of the biological activity of different Combretum species, C. molle was found to have both anti-inflammatory and anti-schistosomal activity [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ojewole [ 14 ], found analgesic, anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular effects of mollic acid glucoside isolated from C. molle leaves and antiprotozoal activity from the acetone extract of leaves from the same plant. C. molle was found to have anti-asthmatic and anti-tussive activities [ 15 ]. In an investigation of the biological activity of different Combretum species, C. molle was found to have both anti-inflammatory and anti-schistosomal activity [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of hematopoietic prostaglandin D2 Synthase (H-PGDS) by an alkaloid extract from Combretum molle

Moyo

Chimponda

Mukanganyama

2014

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundHematopoietic prostaglandin D2 synthase (H-PGDS, GST Sigma) is a member of the glutathione S-transferase super family of enzymes that catalyses the conjugation of electrophilic substances with reduced glutathione. The enzyme catalyses the conversion of PGH2 to PGD2 which mediates inflammatory responses. The inhibition of H-PGDS is of importance in alleviating damage to tissues due to unwarranted synthesis of PGD2. Combretum molle has been used in African ethno medicinal practices and has been shown to reduce fever and pain. The effect of C. molle alkaloid extract on H-PGDS was thus, investigated.MethodsH-PGDS was expressed in Escherichia coli XL1-Blue cells and purified using nickel immobilized metal affinity chromatography. The effect of C. molle alkaloid extract on H-PGDS activity was determined with 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as substrate. The effect of C. molle alkaloid extract with time on H-PGDS was determined. The mechanism of inhibition was then investigated using CDNB and glutathione (GSH) as substrates.ResultsA specific activity of 24 μmol/mg/min was obtained after H-PGDS had been purified. The alkaloid extract exhibited a 70% inhibition on H-PGDS with an IC50 of 13.7 μg/ml. C. molle alkaloid extract showed an uncompetitive inhibition of H-PGDS with Ki = 41 μg/ml towards GSH, and non-competitive inhibition towards CDNB with Ki = 7.7 μg/ml and Ki′ = 9.2 μg/ml.ConclusionThe data shows that C. molle alkaloid extract is a potent inhibitor of H-PGDS. This study thus supports the traditional use of the plant for inflammation.

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Acute and Subacute Toxic Study of Aqueous Leaf Extract of <i>Combretum Molle</i>

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

HPLC characterization, acute and sub-acute toxicity evaluation of bark extract of Rhizophora mucronata in Swiss Albino mice

HPLC characterization, acute and sub-acute toxicity evaluation of bark extract of Rhizophora mucronata in Swiss Albino mice

Effect of Combretum molle (Combretaceae) seed extract on hematological and biochemical parameters

Inhibition of hematopoietic prostaglandin D2 Synthase (H-PGDS) by an alkaloid extract from Combretum molle

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