Acute and subacute repeated oral toxicity study of fragmented microplastics in Sprague-Dawley rats

Kim, Jinsik; Maruthupandy, Muthuchamy; An, Kyu Sup; Lee, Kwang Hun; Jeon, Soyeon; Kim, Jisu; Cho, Wan‐Seob

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112964

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…However, few studies have measured the effects of PP-MPs on mammalian and cell models, although PP-MPs contribute to pulmonary inflammation in vivo and affect the level of immune cytokines in vitro [ 41 , 42 ]. Meanwhile, PP-MPs with an average particle size of > 50 μm do not exhibit acute toxicity in rats [ 43 , 44 , 45 ]. However, there is no report on the biosafety of PP particles < 10 μm in the environment, thus warranting further study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Polypropylene Microplastics via Oral Ingestion Induces Colonic Apoptosis and Intestinal Barrier Damage through Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mice

Jia

Han²,

Liu³

et al. 2023

Toxics

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Extensive environmental pollution by microplastics has increased the risk of human exposure to plastics. However, the biosafety of polypropylene microplastics (PP-MPs), especially of PP particles < 10 μm, in mammals has not been studied. Thus, here, we explored the mechanism of action and effect of exposure to small and large PP-MPs, via oral ingestion, on the mouse intestinal tract. Male C57BL/6 mice were administered PP suspensions (8 and 70 μm; 0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg/mL) for 28 days. PP-MP treatment resulted in inflammatory pathological damage, ultrastructural changes in intestinal epithelial cells, imbalance of the redox system, and inflammatory reactions in the colon. Additionally, we observed damage to the tight junctions of the colon and decreased intestinal mucus secretion and ion transporter expression. Further, the apoptotic rate of colonic cells significantly increased after PP-MP treatment. The expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptosis proteins significantly increased in colon tissue, while the expression of anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis proteins significantly decreased. In summary, this study demonstrates that PP-MPs induce colonic apoptosis and intestinal barrier damage through oxidative stress and activation of the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory signal pathway in mice, which provides new insights into the toxicity of MPs in mammals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Polypropylene Microplastics via Oral Ingestion Induces Colonic Apoptosis and Intestinal Barrier Damage through Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mice

Jia

Han²,

Liu³

et al. 2023

Toxics

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“…Microplastics come from various aspects of human production and life, mainly including discharge of wastewater containing textile microfibers ( 44 ), fragmentation of agricultural plastic films ( 45 ), wear and tear of tires and road markings ( 46 ) and decomposition of plastic waste ( 47 ), which together result in the widespread presence of microplastics in global water environments. Although some scholars have reported that some functional microorganisms could degrade microplastics ( 48 , 49 ), this process is relatively slow, and microplastics are still easily ingested by aquatic organisms and spread through the food chain, which can affect the normal growth and development of organisms ( 8 , 50 ). This article described the types and quantities of microplastics found in the waters and sediments of 8 typical parks in Changsha.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution patterns and environmental risk assessments of microplastics in the lake waters and sediments from eight typical wetland parks in Changsha city, China

Yao,

Li,

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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The quality of water in urban parks is closely related to people’s daily lives, but the pollution caused by microplastics in park water and sediments has not been comprehensively studied. Therefore, eight typical parks in the urban area of Changsha, China, were selected, and Raman spectroscopy was used to explore the spatial distributions and compositions of the microplastics in the water and sediments, analyze their influencing factors, and evaluate their environmental risks. The results showed that the abundances of surface water microplastics in all parks ranged from 150 to 525 n L−1, and the abundances of sediment microplastics ranged from 120 to 585 n kg−1. The microplastics in the surface water included polyethylene terephthalate (PET), chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), and fluororubber (FLU), while those in the sediments included polyvinyl chloride (PVC), wp-acrylate copolymer (ACR), and CPE. Regression analyses revealed significant positive correlations between human activities and the abundances of microplastics in the parks. Among them, the correlations of population, industrial discharge and domestic wastewater discharge with the abundance of microplastics in park water were the strongest. However, the correlations of car flow and tourists with the abundance of microplastics in park water were the weakest. Based on the potential ecological risk indices (PERI) classification assessment method, the levels of microplastics in the waters and sediments of the eight parks were all within the II-level risk zone (53–8,549), among which the risk indices for Meixi Lake and Yudai Lake were within the IV risk zone (1,365–8,549), which may have been caused by the high population density near the park. This study provides new insights into the characteristics of microplastics in urban park water and sediment.

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“…The difference in toxicity might be due to the different surface charges in MNPs, and the charged PS-NH 2 and PS-COOH are more easily transported through the cellular membrane. Only one report tested the toxicity of rats by intragastric administration by using PP without observation of adverse reactions ( 87 ). More polymer types of MNPs should be explored and a comparison of their toxic effects should be made.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological effects of micro/nano-plastics on mouse/rat models: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Liu

Zhang

Yao

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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Micro/nano-plastics (MNPs) are considered a heterogeneous class of environmental contaminants that cause multiple toxic effects on biological species. As the commonly used mammalian models to study the effects of MNPs with regard to their toxic effects, the mouse and rat models are making a great contribution to the disciplines of environmental toxicology and medical health. However, the toxic effects of MNPs have not been systematically summarized. Therefore, a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the toxic effects of MNPs on mouse/rat models were conducted. A total of seven main categories were established in this systematic review, and 24 subcategories were further divided according to the specific physiological significance of the endpoint or the classification of the physiological system, which covered all the selected pieces of literature. A total of 1,762 biological endpoints were found, and 52.78% of them were significantly affected. This fact indicates that there are relative factors, including the size, polymer type, concentration, and exposure time of MNPs and different sexes of mouse/rat models that could significantly affect the biological endpoints. These biological endpoints can be classified into various factors, such as the dose–response relationships between MNP concentration and physiological categories of the nervous system, growth, reproduction, digestive tract histopathology, and inflammatory cytokine level, among others. MNPs negatively affected the blood glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and reproductive function in mice. The reproductive function in male mice is more sensitive to the toxic effects of MNPs. These findings also provide insights into and directions for exploring the evidence and mechanisms of the toxic effects of MNPs on human health. It is clear that more research is required on the pathological mechanisms at the molecular level and the long-term effects of tissue accumulation.

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Acute and subacute repeated oral toxicity study of fragmented microplastics in Sprague-Dawley rats

Cited by 23 publications

References 42 publications

Exposure to Polypropylene Microplastics via Oral Ingestion Induces Colonic Apoptosis and Intestinal Barrier Damage through Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mice

Exposure to Polypropylene Microplastics via Oral Ingestion Induces Colonic Apoptosis and Intestinal Barrier Damage through Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mice

Distribution patterns and environmental risk assessments of microplastics in the lake waters and sediments from eight typical wetland parks in Changsha city, China

Toxicological effects of micro/nano-plastics on mouse/rat models: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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