Acute and sub-acute toxicity study of hydro-alcoholic leaves extract of Reinwardtia indica in rats

Upadhyay, Prabhat; Shukla, Rashmi; Mishra, Sunil Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.056

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Toxicity profiling of the test compound on long-term exposure provides valuable information regarding the cumulative toxicity of the test substances and their metabolites on the physiological and biochemical levels. The effects revealed on prolonged exposure might not be shown on acute exposure (Upadhyay et al, 2019). The subacute toxicity study was assessed using a repeated dose at 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg for 28 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Oral, Subacute, and Developmental Toxicity Profiling of Naphthalene 2-Yl, 2-Chloro, 5-Nitrobenzoate: Assessment Based on Stress Response, Toxicity, and Adverse Outcome Pathways

et al. 2022

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The U.S. National Research Council (NRC) introduced new approaches to report toxicity studies. The NRC vision is to explore the toxicity pathways leading to the adverse effects in intact organisms by the exposure of the chemicals. This study examines the toxicity profiling of the naphthalene-2-yl 2-chloro-5-dinitrobenzoate (SF5) by adopting the vision of NRC that moves from traditional animal studies to the cellular pathways. Acute, subacute, and developmental toxicity studies were assayed according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines. The stress response pathway, toxicity pathway, and adverse effects outcome parameters were analyzed by using their standard protocols. The results showed that the acute toxicity study increases the liver enzyme levels. In a subacute toxicity study, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were raised in both male and female animals. SF5 significantly increases the normal sperm count in the male animals corresponding to a decrease in the abnormality count. Developmental toxicity showed the normal skeletal and morphological parameters, except little hydrocephalus was observed in developmental toxicity. Doses of 20 mg/kg in males and 4 mg/kg in females showed decreased glutathione (GSH) levels in the kidney and liver. MDA levels were also increased in the kidney and liver. However, histopathological studies did not show any cellular change in these organs. No statistical difference was observed in histamine levels, testosterone, nuclear factor erythroid two-related factor-2 (Nrf2), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), which showed no initiation of the stress response, toxicity, and adverse effect pathways. Immunomodulation was observed at low doses in subacute toxicity studies. It was concluded that SF5 did not produce abrupt and high-toxicity levels in organs and biochemical parameters. So, it is safe for further studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Oral, Subacute, and Developmental Toxicity Profiling of Naphthalene 2-Yl, 2-Chloro, 5-Nitrobenzoate: Assessment Based on Stress Response, Toxicity, and Adverse Outcome Pathways

et al. 2022

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“…Creatinine is recognized as an effective marker of kidney function, and the increase of the creatinine level is associated with renal damage [ 21 ]. Blood is the main mobile carrier of substances in the body, and its components are sensitive to toxins and thus, hematological parameters including WBC and RBC represent an important clinical response to toxic compounds [ 22 ]. Therefore, in the present study, liver, kidney, and blood functions of all animals were determined after intragastric administration of CEAE during the 14 days or 28 days subacute toxicity experiments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological Evaluation of Camellia euphlebia Leaves Aqueous Extract Using Acute and Subacute Toxicity Studies in Mice and Genotoxicity Studies

2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Camelliaeuphlebia is a novel food source and Chinese folk medicine with multiple pharmacological properties. Our previous exploration has demonstrated the antidepressant-like activity of Camellia euphlebia leaves aqueous extract by reliable animal models of depression; however, a lack of toxicological information limits its pharmacological application. The present study aimed to evaluate the preliminary safety of C. euphlebia extract by determining acute/subacute toxicity in mice and in vivo/in vitro genotoxicity. The oral-medium lethal dose of the extract in mice was found to be higher than 5000 mg/kg body weight in the acute toxicity study. In a 14-days subacute toxicity study, C. euphlebia extract at doses of 400, 800, and 1600 mg/kg did not result in significant changes in food intake, water intake, body weight, relative organ weight, aspartate aminotransferase activity, alanine aminotransferase activity, creatinine level, and number of white blood cells and red blood cells. However, histopathology observation of organs taken from all mice showed that 1600 mg/kg extract caused slight hydropic degeneration in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. In a 28-days subacute toxicity study, 600 mg/kg extract significantly increased the level of red blood cells but produced no negative side effects on other pathological parameters. Mice treated with the extract at doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg for 28 days did not manifest any histopathological alterations of the liver, kidney, and spleen. Additionally, the extract showed no chromosomal aberrations in the in vivo micronucleus test and in vitro chromosomal aberration test. The results revealed that the extract showed no significant toxic effects and no potential genotoxicity but with the likelihood of transient erythrocytosis and slight hepatotoxicity. Further chronic toxicological evaluation involved in more physiological parameters, especially associated with liver toxicity and erythropoietin level, would be needed to determine its safety and application value.

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“…The animals were monitor closely for the first 4 hours and then for each hour for the next 12 hours, followed by 6 hourly intervals for the next 56 hours (72 hrs observations) to identify any deaths or changes in general behavior and other physiological activities. 9 Sub-chronic toxicity study Thirty male Wistar rats were acclimatized for seven days in the laboratory. The animals were kept on regular animal feed and had access to water ad libitum.…”

Section: Acute Toxicity Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial and Toxicity Studies on Holisa Herbal Formulation

2021

TJNPR

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The use of medicinal plants in the management of different ailments is because of their phytochemical constituents and goes back to antiquity. 1 Usage of herbal medicines can be traced back as far as 2100B.C.in ancient China (Xia Dynasty) and India (Vedic period). The first reports go back to 600 B.C. with the Caraka Samhita of India and the early notes of the Eastern Zhou dynasty of China that pushed toward turning out systematized around 400B.C. The use of herbs as a medication is the most seasoned form of healthcare known to humanity and has been used in all societies from the beginning of time. 2 Herbal products cannot be discounted as "natural" and subsequently, nontoxic components, as many consumers believe. Although selected products may have remedially valuable effects, many cause adverse effects 3 and drug interactions similar to those accomplished with conventional agents. 4 It is however a known fact that over 80% of the total populace depends on herbal medicines and products for healthy living. 5 This rise in the use of herbal products has also given rise to various forms of misuse and adulteration of the products leading to consumers' and manufacturers' mistakes and in some instances deadly outcomes. The challenge is boundless and monumental, making the global herbal market unsafe to be used in the region if there is sufficient knowledge about their safety and viability.

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Acute and sub-acute toxicity study of hydro-alcoholic leaves extract of Reinwardtia indica in rats

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Acute Oral, Subacute, and Developmental Toxicity Profiling of Naphthalene 2-Yl, 2-Chloro, 5-Nitrobenzoate: Assessment Based on Stress Response, Toxicity, and Adverse Outcome Pathways

Acute Oral, Subacute, and Developmental Toxicity Profiling of Naphthalene 2-Yl, 2-Chloro, 5-Nitrobenzoate: Assessment Based on Stress Response, Toxicity, and Adverse Outcome Pathways

Toxicological Evaluation of Camellia euphlebia Leaves Aqueous Extract Using Acute and Subacute Toxicity Studies in Mice and Genotoxicity Studies

Antimicrobial and Toxicity Studies on Holisa Herbal Formulation

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