Acute and protracted disruptions to inhibitory control following sports-related concussion

McGowan, Amanda L.; Bretzin, Abigail C.; Savage, Jennifer L.; Petit, Kyle M.; Covassin, Tracey; Pontifex, Matthew B.

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.05.026

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Motor response inhibition mechanisms regulating sport expertise in athletes performing in different disciplines represents a relevant field of application [ 69 ]. Moreover, since a relationship between neurocognitive deficits and sport injuries has been established, the use of sensitive approaches to assess the neurocognitive status of an athlete may open new avenues to identify athletes at risk of sport injuries [ 70 , 71 ]. Finally, altered inhibitory control characterizes several psychopathological conditions [ 4 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mouse Tracking to Explore Motor Inhibition Processes in Go/No-Go and Stop Signal Tasks

et al. 2020

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Response inhibition relies on both proactive and reactive mechanisms that exert a synergic control on goal-directed actions. It is typically evaluated by the go/no-go (GNG) and the stop signal task (SST) with response recording based on the key-press method. However, the analysis of discrete variables (i.e., present or absent responses) registered by key-press could be insufficient to capture dynamic aspects of inhibitory control. Trying to overcome this limitation, in the present study we used a mouse tracking procedure to characterize movement profiles related to proactive and reactive inhibition. A total of fifty-three participants performed a cued GNG and an SST. The cued GNG mainly involves proactive control whereas the reactive component is mainly engaged in the SST. We evaluated the velocity profile from mouse trajectories both for responses obtained in the Go conditions and for inhibitory failures. Movements were classified as one-shot when no corrections were observed. Multi-peaked velocity profiles were classified as non-one-shot. A higher proportion of one-shot movements was found in the SST compared to the cued GNG when subjects failed to inhibit responses. This result suggests that proactive control may be responsible for unsmooth profiles in inhibition failures, supporting a differentiation between these tasks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mouse Tracking to Explore Motor Inhibition Processes in Go/No-Go and Stop Signal Tasks

et al. 2020

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“…Key nodes of the SN include the anterior cingulate cortex and the anterior insula, which together play a central role in response inhibition, conflict resolution, and motor planning (Seeley et al, 2007;Kelly et al, 2008;Sridharan et al, 2008;Jilka et al, 2014;Johnson et al, 2015). Numerous studies of RTI have utilized the flanker test to provide a cognitive challenge that requires more extensive brain activation and network integration than simpler visual stimuli (Kelly et al, 2008;Mennes et al, 2010Mennes et al, , 2011Fjell et al, 2011;Parks et al, 2015;Williams et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2017;Olson et al, 2018;McGowan et al, 2019). Disrupted neural communication within and between the DMN, SN, VAN, DAN, and ECN has been documented among individuals who have sustained brain injury (He et al, 2007;Jilka et al, 2014;Churchill et al, 2021), which may slow information processing and cause lapses in attention (i.e., inattentional blindness) that perturb perception (Kenzie et al, 2017).…”

Section: Neural Basis For Inconsistency Of Perceptual-motor Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Approach to Assessment of Perceptual-Motor Efficiency and Training-Induced Improvement in the Performance Capabilities of Elite Athletes

Wilkerson

Nabhan

Perry

2021

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Standard clinical assessments of mild traumatic brain injury are inadequate to detect subtle abnormalities that can be revealed by sophisticated diagnostic technology. An association has been observed between sport-related concussion (SRC) and subsequent musculoskeletal injury, but the underlying neurophysiological mechanism is not currently understood. A cohort of 16 elite athletes (10 male, 6 female), which included nine individuals who reported a history of SRC (5 male, 4 female) that occurred between 4 months and 8 years earlier, volunteered to participate in a 12-session program for assessment and training of perceptual-motor efficiency. Performance metrics derived from single- and dual-task whole-body lateral and diagonal reactive movements to virtual reality targets in left and right directions were analyzed separately and combined in various ways to create composite representations of global function. Intra-individual variability across performance domains demonstrated very good SRC history classification accuracy for the earliest 3-session phase of the program (Reaction Time Dispersion AUC = 0.841; Deceleration Dispersion AUC = 0.810; Reaction Time Discrepancy AUC = 0.825, Deceleration Discrepancy AUC = 0.794). Good earliest phase discrimination was also found for Composite Asymmetry between left and right movement directions (AUC = 0.778) and Excursion Average distance beyond the minimal body displacement necessary for virtual target deactivation (AUC = 0.730). Sensitivity derived from Youden's Index for the 6 global factors ranged from 67 to 89% and an identical specificity value of 86% for all of them. Median values demonstrated substantial improvement from the first 3-session phase to the last 3-session phase for Composite Asymmetry and Excursion Average. The results suggest that a Composite Asymmetry value ≥ 0.15 and an Excursion Average value ≥ 7 m, provide reasonable qualitative approximations for clinical identification of suboptimal perceptual-motor performance. Despite acknowledged study limitations, the findings support a hypothesized relationship between whole-body reactive agility performance and functional connectivity among brain networks subserving sensory perception, cognitive decision-making, and motor execution. A complex systems approach appears to perform better than traditional data analysis methods for detection of subtle perceptual-motor impairment, which has the potential to advance both clinical management of SRC and training for performance enhancement.

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“…Therefore, perception and responses must be allocated to the central target, for which processing of the flanking stimulus must be suppressed using inhibitory control. The suppression of response to the flanking stimuli is required to reduce the possibility of disturbance in the perceptually evoked response, while dominant perceptual cues activate the action schema (Amanda et al, 2019). In inconsistent arrays, where the target and flanking stimuli are mapped to opposite directional modes, there will be greater interference between the correct and incorrect responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Tai Chi Chuan on Inhibitory Control in Elderly Women: An fNIRS Study

Yang

Chen

Shao

et al. 2020

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Background: Inhibitory control is a sub-ability of executive function and plays an important role in the entire cognitive process. However, declines in inhibitory control during aging significantly impair the quality of life of elderly people. Investigating methods to delay the decline of inhibitory control has become a focal point in current research. Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) is one effective method used to delay cognitive declines in older adults. However, the specific effects of TCC on inhibitory control and the mechanisms through which TCC may improve cognition in older adults have not been comprehensively investigated. Objective: The study explores possible neurological mechanisms related to the effects of TCC interventions on inhibitory control in older people using a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technique and reaction times (RTs). Methods: A total of 26 healthy, elderly people who had not received TCC training completed all study procedures. The subjects were randomized to either the TCC group or the control group. Subjects in the TCC group were taught TCC by a certified instructor and trained for 8 weeks. The control group continued to perform general daily activities. The Flanker task was administered to every participant to evaluate inhibitory control preand post-intervention. While participants were performing the Flanker task, fNIRS data were collected. Results: Post-intervention, significant differences for incongruent flankers were found only for the TCC intervention group. Faster RTs were observed for the incongruent flankers in the TCC group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Analysis of the fNIRS data revealed an increase in oxy-Hb in the prefrontal cortex during the incongruent flankers after the TCC exercise intervention. Conclusion: The TCC intervention significantly improved inhibitory control in older adults, suggesting that TCC is an effective, suitable exercise for improving executive function and neurological health in elderly people.

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Acute and protracted disruptions to inhibitory control following sports-related concussion

Cited by 16 publications

References 58 publications

Mouse Tracking to Explore Motor Inhibition Processes in Go/No-Go and Stop Signal Tasks

Mouse Tracking to Explore Motor Inhibition Processes in Go/No-Go and Stop Signal Tasks

A Novel Approach to Assessment of Perceptual-Motor Efficiency and Training-Induced Improvement in the Performance Capabilities of Elite Athletes

Effects of Tai Chi Chuan on Inhibitory Control in Elderly Women: An fNIRS Study

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