Acute and long-term exercise differently modulate plasma levels of oxylipins, endocannabinoids, and their analogues in young sedentary adults: A sub-study and secondary analyses from the ACTIBATE randomized controlled-trial

Jurado‐Fasoli, Lucas; Di, Xinyu; Sánchez-Delgado, Guillermo; Yang, Weng Lang; Osuna-Prieto, Francisco J.; Ortiz-Alvarez, Lourdes; Krekels, Elke H. J.; Harms, Amy C.; Hankemeier, Thomas; Schönke, Milena; Aguilera, Concepción M.; Llamas-Elvira, J.M.; Köhler, Isabelle; Rensen, Patrick C.N.; Ruiz, Jonatan R.; Martínez-Téllez, Borja

doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104313

Cited by 19 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…This result is contrary to existing acute aerobic exercise-related literature showing increases in circulating eCBs, specifically AEA, with moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise (11,34). This finding is also contrary to the limited resistance exercise literature, which shows that acute resistance exercise is associated with increased AEA concentrations (17), although there were substantial differences in the acute resistance exercise protocols used in that study and the present study (e.g., fasted vs. not fasted; acute resistance exercise protocol of 1RM testing on 2 machines vs. 3 sets on 6 machines, respectively). There was no significant change in 2-AG, which is consistent with some aerobic and resistance exercise studies (9,17,34).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…This finding is also contrary to the limited resistance exercise literature, which shows that acute resistance exercise is associated with increased AEA concentrations (17), although there were substantial differences in the acute resistance exercise protocols used in that study and the present study (e.g., fasted vs. not fasted; acute resistance exercise protocol of 1RM testing on 2 machines vs. 3 sets on 6 machines, respectively). There was no significant change in 2-AG, which is consistent with some aerobic and resistance exercise studies (9,17,34). Decreased eCBs were not expected based on aerobic exercise literature to date, and the finding indicates that aerobic and resistance training may have different acute effects on the eCB system.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…A single session of acute resistance exercise has been associated with activation of the eCB system in rats (16). In humans, acute resistance exercise has also been associated with significant increases in AEA and OEA concentrations, though PEA and 2-AG levels did not change significantly (17). Furthermore, a 15-week resistance exercise program was associated with significantly increased AEA levels in individuals with fibromyalgia but not healthy controls, suggesting that chronic resistance exercise training may be associated with changes in the eCB system in some conditions (18), although more research is needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endocannabinoid and psychological responses to acute resistance exercise in trained and untrained adults

Sirotiak,

Gallagher,

Smith-Hernandez

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Objective: This study examined the effects of acute resistance exercise on circulating endocannabinoid (eCB) and mood responses in trained and untrained healthy adults. Methods: Thirty-two healthy adults (22.1 ± 2.9 years) were recruited from trained (reporting resistance exercise at least twice per week for ≥ previous three months) and untrained (performing no resistance exercise for ≥ previous three months) groups. Participants completed three sets of resistance exercise (16 repetitions at 50% 1-repetition max, 12 repetitions at 70% 1-repetition max, 8 repetitions at 80% 1-repetition max). Mood states, affect, and circulating eCB concentrations were evaluated before and after resistance exercise. Results: There were significant decreases in AEA, PEA, and OEA levels following acute resistance exercise (p <0.05), with no significant group differences or group by time interactions. 2-AG did not change significantly. Positive affect increased significantly following resistance exercise (p =0.009), while negative affect decreased (p <0.001). Depression, anger, confusion, and total mood disturbance decreased significantly (p <0.05), while vigor increased significantly following resistance exercise (p =0.005). There were no significant group differences or group by time interactions for any psychological outcomes. Conclusion: These results indicate that acute resistance exercise may reduce eCB and related lipid concentrations, which is opposite to the increase in lipids typically observed with acute aerobic exercise. Furthermore, psychological improvements occur after resistance exercise regardless of decreases in eCBs, supporting the notion that psychological changes with exercise likely occur through a wide variety of biological and environmental mechanisms.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endocannabinoid and psychological responses to acute resistance exercise in trained and untrained adults

Sirotiak,

Gallagher,

Smith-Hernandez

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Relatively few acute and chronic exercise-based studies have been conducted using oxylipins as a primary outcome measure [5,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. In general, the acute post-exercise increase in plasma levels of oxylipins is more diverse and greater with prolonged and intensive cardiorespiratory exercise (e.g., 2-3 h of cycling and running) than with resistance-based exercise bouts [5,[16][17][18][22][23][24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emerging evidence indicates that lipid mediators are involved in initiating, mediating, and resolving exercise-2 induced muscle tissue injury, inflammation, and metabolic stress [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Previous studies indicate that increases in inflammatory cytokines and oxylipins following prolonged and intensive running or cycling can be countered through carbohydrate ingestion, with the largest effects seen for ARA-CYP-derived oxylipins [5,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blueberry Intake Elevates Post-Exercise Anti- inflammatory Oxylipins: A Randomized Trial

Nieman

Sakaguchi

Omar

et al. 2023

Preprint

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This study determined if 18 days of supplementation with blueberries (BL) compared to placebo (PL) could mitigate muscle soreness and damage and improve inflammation resolution in untrained adults (n = 49, ages 30–65 y) after engaging in a 90-minute bout of “weekend warrior” eccentric exercise. The BL freeze dried supplement provided 1 cup of fresh blueberries per day equivalent with 805 mg/d total phenolics and 280 mg/d anthocyanins. Urine levels of eight BL gut-derived phenolics increased after 14- and 18-days supplementation with 83% higher concentrations in BL vs. PL (p < 0.001). The 90-min exercise bout caused significant muscle soreness and damage during 4d of recovery and a decrease in exercise performance with no significant differences between PL and BL. Plasma oxylipins (n = 76) were identified and grouped by fatty acid substrates and enzyme systems. Linoleic acid (LA) oxylipins generated from cytochrome P450 (CYP) (9,10-, 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acids) (diHOMEs) were lower in BL vs. PL (treatment effect, p = 0.051). A compositive variable of 9 plasma hydroxydocosahexaenoic acids (HDoHEs) generated from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6) and lipoxygenase (LOX) was significantly higher in BL vs. PL (treatment effect, p = 0.008). The composite variable of plasma 14-HDoHE, 17-HDoHE, and the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-derived oxylipin 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE) (specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators, SPM, intermediates) was significantly higher in BL vs PL (treatment effect, p = 0.014). Pearson correlations showed positive relationships between post-exercise DHA-LOX HDoHEs and SPM intermediates with urine blueberry gut-derived phenolics (r = 0.324, p = 0.023, and r = 0.349, p = 0.015, respectively). These data indicate that 18d intake of 1 cup/d blueberries compared to PL was linked to a reduction in pro-inflammatory diHOMES and sustained elevations in DHA- and EPA-derived anti-inflammatory oxylipins in response to a 90-min bout of unaccustomed exercise by untrained adults.

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Prepandemic Physical Activity and Risk of COVID-19 Diagnosis and Hospitalization in Older Adults

Muñoz-Vergara,

Wayne,

Kim

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceHigher prepandemic physical activity (PA) levels have been associated with lower risk and severity of COVID-19.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between self-reported prepandemic PA levels and the risk and severity of COVID-19 in older US adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study combined cohorts from 3 ongoing prospective randomized clinical trials of US adults aged 45 years or older who provided prepandemic self-reports of baseline leisure-time PA and risk factors for COVID-19 outcomes using the most recent questionnaire completed as of December 31, 2019, as the baseline PA assessment. In multiple surveys from May 2020 through May 2022, participants indicated whether they had at least 1 positive COVID-19 test result or were diagnosed with or hospitalized for COVID-19.ExposurePrepandemic PA, categorized into 3 groups by metabolic equivalent hours per week: inactive (0-3.5), insufficiently active (&gt;3.5 to &lt;7.5), and sufficiently active (≥7.5).Main Outcome and MeasuresPrimary outcomes were risk of COVID-19 and hospitalization for COVID-19. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odd ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for the association of COVID-19 diagnosis and/or hospitalization with each of the 2 upper PA categories vs the lowest PA category.ResultsThe pooled cohort included 61 557 participants (mean [SD] age, 75.7 [6.4] years; 70.7% female), 20.2% of whom were inactive; 11.4%, insufficiently active; and 68.5%, sufficiently active. A total of 5890 confirmed incident cases of COVID-19 were reported through May 2022, including 626 hospitalizations. After controlling for demographics, body mass index, lifestyle factors, comorbidities, and medications used, compared with inactive individuals, those insufficiently active had no significant reduction in infection (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.86-1.06) or hospitalization (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.76-1.28), whereas those sufficiently active had a significant reduction in infection (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84-0.97) and hospitalization (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.60-0.90). In subgroup analyses, the association between PA and SARS-CoV-2 infection differed by sex, with only sufficiently active women having decreased odds (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79-0.95; P = .04 for interaction).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of adults aged 45 years or older, those who adhered to PA guidelines before the pandemic had lower odds of developing or being hospitalized for COVID-19. Thus, higher prepandemic PA levels may be associated with reduced odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization for COVID-19.

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Acute and long-term exercise differently modulate plasma levels of oxylipins, endocannabinoids, and their analogues in young sedentary adults: A sub-study and secondary analyses from the ACTIBATE randomized controlled-trial

Cited by 19 publications

References 53 publications

Endocannabinoid and psychological responses to acute resistance exercise in trained and untrained adults

Endocannabinoid and psychological responses to acute resistance exercise in trained and untrained adults

Blueberry Intake Elevates Post-Exercise Anti- inflammatory Oxylipins: A Randomized Trial

Prepandemic Physical Activity and Risk of COVID-19 Diagnosis and Hospitalization in Older Adults

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