Acute and late changes in intraarticular cytokine levels following anterior cruciate ligament injury

Abstract

Surgical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) does not necessarily decrease the risk of developing osteoarthritis (OA). The inflammatory response and relative changes in pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines could participate in triggering the development of OA. To test this hypothesis we measured the concentrations of IL-1b, IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-a at different times after ACL rupture. The sample population consisted of 48 patients with ACL tear which were assigned to different groups according to the time elapsed from the injury: 22 acute (A), 7 early sub-acute (ESA), 11 late sub-acute (LSA), and 8 chronic (C). In group A, there were high levels of IL-1b, IL-6, and IL-8, whereas levels of IL-1ra and TNF-a were significantly lower than usually reported. IL-1b and IL-8 concentrations returned with time to normal levels in the ESA group. Interestingly, IL-1ra levels remained always significantly lower than normally reported levels, and TNF-a levels did not increase after trauma. Our data show increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the acute phase of inflammation which could be responsible for triggering cartilage catabolism and suggest that prompt neutralization of IL-6 and IL-8 accumulations in synovial fluid could help prevent development of OA in ACL-injured knees. ß

Inflammatory Cytokine Response Following Acute Tibial Plateau Fracture

“…Additionally, the concentration of IL-6 remained persistently elevated at the time of the second aspiration, suggesting that IL-6 may continue to play a role with time. Our reported IL-6 concentration (3096 pg/mL) was higher than that reported by Bigoni et al 21 (496 pg/mL). Both the IL-8 and the MCP-1 concentrations were significantly elevated in the injured knees in our study.…”

“…Additionally, the difference in the time from injury to aspiration between the studies can be an important issue as dramatic changes in cytokine concentrations can occur quickly. It has previously been suggested that the concentration of IL-1b peaks between twenty-four and forty-eight hours, and our study may not have captured the full upswing of IL-1b concentration 21 . The IL-1b concentration in our study was similar to what was reported by Kraus et al (0.77 pg/mL ± 0.51) in patients who underwent synovial fluid analysis after an ACL injury 32 .…”

“…Several studies have demonstrated a local inflammatory response following ACL tears, meniscal tears, and ankle injuries 13,21,22 . While there is an expected inflammatory response following diaphyseal fractures, the presence of chondrocytes and synoviocytes in the joint may alter the magnitude of the inflammatory response or impact the cytokine profile for intra-articular fractures 4 .…”

A role for interleukins in ochronosis in a chondrocyte in vitro model of alkaptonuria

“…This may mean that longer exposure to IL-1β is needed to exert an effect on the pigmentation process. It has been shown that IL-1β is highest initially 24 h after trauma but can be elevated for weeks or months following the incident [47][48][49][50][51][52]. When considered in combination, the results of the cell viability assay and pigmentation suggest that over time potentially fewer cells are responsible for the pigmentation process that is occurring or the pigmentation that is occurring is not solely cellular in origin.…”

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Comparison of double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with and without autologous conditioned serum application

“…If resolution of the inflammatory response is delayed, tissue healing may be impaired, leading to chronic damage and inferior outcomes. Inflammation is one key factor in bone wasting, and IL-1, TNFa, and other cytokines have been implicated in its aetiology [3,22,44,52]. After joint surgery and in general, it is important to control synovitis [11,12,19,36] in order to resolve (post-traumatic) joint inflammation rapidly.…”