Acute and Chronic Toxicity of an Aqueous Fraction of the Stem Bark ofStryphnodendron adstringens(Barbatimão) in Rodents

Abstract

Stryphnodendron adstringens has a high tannin content and is used as an antiseptic and antimicrobial and in the treatment of leucorrhea, gonorrhea, wound healing, and gastritis. The present study evaluated the toxic effects of the heptamer prodelphinidin (F2) from the stem bark of S. adstringens in rodents. In the acute toxicity test, the mice that received oral doses exhibited reversible effects, with an LD50 of 3.015 mg · kg−1. In the chronic toxicity test at 90 days, Wistar rats were treated with different doses of F2 (10, 100, and 200 mg · kg−1). In the biochemical, hematological, and histopathological examinations and open-field test, the different dose groups did not exhibit significant differences compared with controls. The present results indicate that F2 from the stem bark of S. adstringens caused no toxicity with acute and chronic oral treatment in rodents at the doses administered.

Acute and chronic toxicity and antimicrobial activity of the extract of Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville

“…Also a decrease in urea concentration after 30 days was observed, which can be the result of a deregulation of renal and hepatic function when rats were treated with 800mg/mL of S. adstringens (Table 2). Similar data were obtained by Costa et al (2013) who evaluated chronic toxicity with repeated doses for 90 days. They did not report any toxicity following the oral administration of the proanthocyanidin fraction to mice.…”

“…The values obtained in this study were lower than those previously described (Rebecca et al 2002, Costa et al 2013, indicating that 400mg/kg of S. adstringens extract orally do not result in acute toxicity and can be safe and do not cause acute toxicity. Although this dose has not shown toxicity, was defined the dose of 800mg/kg for chronic toxicity experiments.…”

“…The rat weights ( Fig.2A) and relative organ weights (Fig.2B) of the groups treated with the different concentrations of S. adstringens extract did not statistically differ compared to the control group, in contrast to the study of Rebecca et al (2002) and Costa et al (2013) that observed impairment in animal development at the dosages tested.…”

“…The authors concluded that such injuries were associated with toxic activity of the tannin present in the extracts when administered at doses above 600mg/kg. Costa et al (2013) found lesions indicative of toxicity, while analyzing the organs from rats subjected to acute and chronic toxicity evaluation of the proanthocyanidin fraction, where only 4000 and 5000mg/ kg doses were used, thereby indicating that the fraction exhibited lower toxicity at the tested concentrations than those used by Rebecca et al (2002Rebecca et al ( , 2003 and those employed in this study.…”

“…Rebecca et al (2003) evaluated the toxicity of the same methanol extract on mitochondria obtained from liver cells and reported altered energy metabolism. Costa et al (2013) evaluated acute and chronic toxicity of the same orally ingested fraction and reported no acute toxicity, thereby defining an LD 50% of 3015mg/kg. Furthermore, toxicity was not observed at the orally ingested doses of 10, 100, and 200mg/kg during the 90 days of chronic toxicity tests.…”