Acute and chronic toxicity of deltamethrin, permethrin, and dihaloacetylated heterocyclic pyrethroids in mice

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Pyrethroids, a class of insecticides, that act on the nervous system of insects. Frequent consumption of foods with pyrethroid residues increase the risk of developmental and neurological diseases in humans. Assessing the toxicity of novel synthetic pyrethroids to mammals is also critical to the development of agrochemicals. RESULTS: Using mice as models, the acute and chronic toxicity of deltamethrin, permethrin, dihaloacetylated pyrethroids to mammals was researched by gavage administration. Acute toxicity assessment displayed that the median lethal dose (LD 50) of deltamethrin, permethrin and dihaloacetylated heterocyclic pyrethroids DCA-O, DCA-01, and DCA-11 tested were greater than 500 mg/kg of weight. Furthermore, chronic toxicity assessment demonstrated that deltamethrin, permethrin caused epidermal damage near the genitals, while dihaloacetylated heterocyclic pyrethroids DCA-O, DCA-01, and DCA-11 showed no relevant symptoms. However, both the acute and chronic toxicity assessment suggested that pyrethroids exposure induced mice loss weight. Additionally, the elevated plus maze (EPM) test showed that pyrethroids caused anxiety-like behaviors and no motor defects in Kunming mice. Beside, during the sucrose preference test (SPT), 60-day pyrethroids exposure increased excitatory behaviors in mice. However, the neurochemical studies displayed that pyrethroids exposure increased the total amount of glutamate (Gln), glutamine (Glu) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the mice's blood. CONCLUSION: Pyrethroids exposure induced weight loss in mice, although the acute oral toxicity of deltamethrin, permethrin and dihaloacetylated heterocyclic pyrethroids DCA-O, DCA-01, and DCA-11 was low. However, regarding chronic toxicity, deltamethrin, permethrin and dihaloacetylated heterocyclic pyrethroids DCA-O, DCA-01, and DCA-11 induced anxiety-like behaviors, excitatory behaviors, Gln-Glu-GABA circulatory dysfunction in blood. Particularly, deltamethrin, though permethrin also had reproductive toxicity.

The pyrethroid insecticide permethrin confers hepatotoxicity through DNA damage and mitochondria‐associated apoptosis induction in rat: Palliative benefits of Fumaria officinalis

“…The biological effects of their exposure at low concentration can be attributed to severe pathologies in animal and human health. [43] Our results showed that permethrin exposure caused a significant reduction of body weight [44] with an increase of absolute and relative liver weights. The reduction in the body weight could presumably be ascribed either to the decrease of food intake and/or malabsorption of nutrients in rats and also to the action of PER on the gastrointestinal tract and/or inhibition of protein synthesis.…”

Assessment of attractancy and safeness of (E)‐coniferyl alcohol for management of female adults of Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)

“…The acute oral toxicity test was conducted according to the established methods. 22,24,28,29 In this experiment, ten female and ten male healthy-looking mice were selected and divided randomly into two experimental groups. Each group consisted of five males and five females.…”

“…Additionally, assessment of the potential risk of chemical substances to mammals is crucial for the development of agrochemicals. 21,22 There is a considerable interest in the safety assessment of the metabolites of ME. Therefore, in the current study, we first evaluated the actual behavioral attractiveness of E-CF and DMP for mature females.…”

Long-term low-dose exposure of permethrin induces liver and kidney damage in rats

“…Some investigations have been carried out on the high-dose short-term toxicity of permethrin [ 15 , 16 ]. In reality, however, the actual exposure to the insecticide is usually at low-level and for long-term [ 17 , 18 ].…”