Acute and chronic neuromuscular electrical stimulation and postural balance: a review

Paillard, Thierry

doi:10.1007/s00421-020-04383-9

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Moritani et al 43 argue that contrary to the orderly recruitment of motor units that ensues during low intensity voluntary exercise, electrical muscle stimulation can be designed so as to activate large fast-twitch motor units preferentially that could have benefits for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases associated with muscle atrophy. As per Paillard et al 44 for populations too frail/fragile or unable to exercise safely due to sarcopenic or pathological restrictions, electrical muscle stimulation applications may help to avert a loss of mobility and the risk of falling that can lead to fractures, or an increase in the handicap experienced by older adults with disabling hip joint osteoarthritis. It can also be applied to heighten or augment the impact of muscle strength training approaches where these can be performed, 45 and although poorly studied in hip osteoarthritis cases, has been shown to yield considerable advantages in knee osteoarthritis muscle contexts, 46 even though not recommended post hip joint arthroplasty by some.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Sarcopenia and hip osteoarthritis: possible role for targeted electrical and biophysical muscle stimulation applications

Marks¹

2023

IPMRJ

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Background: Hip osteoarthritis- a painful oftentimes longstanding progressively disabling condition that occurs predominantly among sizeable numbers of older adults may be detrimentally impacted by an atrophic muscle condition known as sarcopenia. Aim: This mini review examines the possible utility of electrical or magnetic muscle stimulation for mitigating sarcopenic muscle mass declines that may be age or disease associated or both among older adults diagnosed as having early or late stage hip osteoarthritis. Methods: Peer reviewed literature on hip osteoarthritis discussing sarcopenia, as well as any evidence that electrical or magnetic muscle stimulation as applied to foster muscle mass increments are relevant to ameliorating this condition were sought and examined. Results: Many reports show hip osteoarthritis remains a highly debilitating disease to counteract and is a condition where the surrounding muscles may be atrophic. While most point to exercise and nutrition as suitable muscle interventions for countering sarcopenia, a favorable role for electrical stimulation cannot be ruled out. Conclusions: There is a possible missed opportunity that implies muscle preservation at the hip through electrical stimulation will be beneficial for fostering function at all stages of hip joint osteoarthritis progression, even if surgery is forthcoming, and should be studied further.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Sarcopenia and hip osteoarthritis: possible role for targeted electrical and biophysical muscle stimulation applications

Marks¹

2023

IPMRJ

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“…However, even if one cannot ignore that NMES applied on selected muscle groups engenders sensory information likely to be used as part of the command and control of voluntary movement – for example, during walking – Paillard (2020) inferred that it generates little sensory information likely to be exploited by the central nervous system to optimise and refine perceptual and motor skills as part of the postural balance regulation ( Figure 2 ). In fact, NMES simultaneously activates both sensory and motor neurons and would provoke conflict between the antidromic motor action potentials and the orthodromic sensory action potentials at the spinal level ( Bergquist et al, 2011 ), thus causing interference in the central integration of induced afferents (although the presence of central adaptations cannot be totally excluded).…”

Section: Motor and Postural Adaptations Induced By Electrical Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…paragraphs Application modalities and Motor and postural adaptations; Figure 1 ). Each stimulation induces specific physiological effects on the sensory, central and motor functions related to movement and postural balance with chronic applications ( Schröder et al, 2018 ; Paillard, 2020 , 2021 ). The choice of the stimulation should be based on the specific physiological needs of the older subjects under consideration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, in older subjects, in order to limit motor and postural alterations, the optimal (only) solution seems to be the use of artificial techniques, such as the percutaneous peripheral electrical stimulation (Paillard, 2018). This type of stimulation enables the artificial activation of the motor pathway (peripheral and/or central stimulation) and/or the sensory pathway that ensure command, control and execution of movements (Paillard, 2018(Paillard, , 2020(Paillard, , 2021.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuromuscular or Sensory Electrical Stimulation for Reconditioning Motor Output and Postural Balance in Older Subjects?

Paillard

2022

Front. Physiol.

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Percutaneous electrical stimulation is used for reconditioning functional capabilities in older subjects. However, its optimal application depends on the specific physiological needs of the individual. Depending on whether his/her needs are related to motor function or sensory and central functions, the relevant modality of electrical stimulation differs significantly. In fact, there are two main modalities of electrical stimulation, that is, neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and sensory electrical stimulation (SES). NMES involves high-intensity currents (above the motor threshold) and provokes involuntary visible direct muscle contractions. With chronic application, the induced adaptations occur mainly at the neuromuscular function level and thus enhance muscle strength/power and motor output. SES involves low-intensity currents (below, at or only just above the sensory threshold), does not induce any visible muscle contraction and provides only sensory information. With chronic application, the induced adaptations occur at the level of potentiation and transmission of proprioceptive afferents and thus facilitate sensorimotor activity (movement and balance). Overall, SES is interesting for the improvement/maintenance of sensorimotor capabilities in non-frail older subjects while NMES is relevant to develop muscle strength/power and thus reduce the risk of falls due to a lack of muscle strength/power in frail older subjects.

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“…168 Apparently, vision information compensated for an impaired sensibility of the muscle spindles receptors. This might indirectly explain the more favourable outcome on stance control of interventions aimed at strengthening the muscles than training postural capacities by balance exercises in sarcopenia women 169 (see 170,171 for a general discussion on this matter and other interventions). Figure 1 is an attempt to summarise some of the issues mentioned so far, as an introduction to Section 4.…”

Section: Foot Sensitivity In the Elderlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous and muscular afferents from the foot and sensory fusion processing: Physiology and pathology in neuropathies

Felicetti

Thoumie

et al. 2021

J Peripheral Nervous Sys

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The foot-sole cutaneous receptors (section 2), their function in stance control (sway minimisation, exploratory role) (2.1), and the modulation of their effects by gait pattern and intended behaviour (2.2) are reviewed. Experimental manipulations (anaesthesia, temperature) (2.3 and 2.4) have shown that information from foot sole has widespread influence on balance. Foot-sole stimulation (2.5) appears to be a promising approach for rehabilitation. Proprioceptive information (3) has a pre-eminent role in balance and gait. Reflex responses to balance perturbations are produced by both leg and foot muscle stretch (3.1) and show complex interactions with skin input at both spinal and supra-spinal levels (3.2), where sensory feedback is modulated by posture, locomotion and vision. Other muscles, notably of neck and trunk, contribute to kinaesthesia and sense of orientation in space (3.3). The effects of age-related decline of afferent input are variable under different foot-contact and visual conditions (3.4). Muscle force diminishes with age and sarcopenia, affecting intrinsic foot muscles relaying relevant feedback (3.5). In neuropathy (4), reduction in cutaneous sensation accompanies the diminished density of viable receptors (4.1). Loss of footsole input goes along with large-fibre dysfunction in intrinsic foot muscles. Diabetic patients have an elevated risk of falling, and vision and vestibular compensation strategies may be inadequate (4.2). From Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A disease (4.3) we have become aware of the role of spindle group II fibres and of the anatomical feet conditions in balance control. Lastly (5) we touch on the effects of nerve stimulation onto cortical and spinal excitability, which may participate in plasticity processes, and on exercise interventions to reduce the impact of neuropathy.

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Acute and chronic neuromuscular electrical stimulation and postural balance: a review

Cited by 6 publications

References 71 publications

Sarcopenia and hip osteoarthritis: possible role for targeted electrical and biophysical muscle stimulation applications

Sarcopenia and hip osteoarthritis: possible role for targeted electrical and biophysical muscle stimulation applications

Neuromuscular or Sensory Electrical Stimulation for Reconditioning Motor Output and Postural Balance in Older Subjects?

Cutaneous and muscular afferents from the foot and sensory fusion processing: Physiology and pathology in neuropathies

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