Acute and Chronic Effects of Combined Exercise on Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Its Variability in Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute and chronic effects, and their correlation, after combined aerobic and resistance exercises in blood pressure (BP) and its variability (BPV) in hypertensive postmenopausal women. Fourteen hypertensive postmenopausal women monitored BP at rest and during 24 h by ambulatory BP monitoring in a control day without exercise performance a pretraining (baseline), after an acute exercise session (acute), and after a chronic exercise training for 10 weeks (chronic). After exercise training, systolic BP (SBP, Δ = −150 mmHg.24 h), diastolic BP (DBP, Δ = −96 mmHg.24 h), and mean BP (MBP, Δ = −95 mmHg.24 h) area under the curve were smaller than baseline measurements (P < 0.05) with no difference between acute and baseline measurements. The SBP (ΔSD24 = −2, ΔSDdn = −1.7, and ΔARV24 = −1.9 mmHg), DBP (ΔSD24 = −0.9, ΔSDdn = −0.8, and ΔARV24 = −0.9 mmHg), and MBP (ΔSD24 = −1.5, ΔSDdn = −1.3, and ΔARV24 = −1.2 mmHg) variability reduced in acute session in relation to baseline, with no chronic effects. There are moderate correlations between acute and chronic responses in wake SBP, sleep DBP, and SD24. In conclusion, combined exercise reduces ambulatory BP chronically but not acutely. In contrast, BPV decreases after an acute session but not chronically. Awake SBP, sleep DBP, and SD24 indices are promising candidates to predict individual cardiovascular responses to exercise.

Acute Aerobic Exercise Induces Short-Term Reductions in Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Patients With Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Different modalities of exercise were analyzed, including aerobic, 25,32–37,39–43,45–47,50,52–55,57–60,64,66,67 resistance, 32,38,44,49,51,56,61–63,65 and combined aerobic and resistance exercise. 41,48 Studies analyzing the effects of aerobic exercise applied either light-to-moderate 25,32,33,40,42,45,46,50,52–58,60,66,67 or vigorous intensities. 35–37,41,57–59,64 Three of the studies with aerobic exercise applied high-intensity interval exercise, 35,37,58 and 2 of the studies with resistance exercise applied handgrip exercise.…”

“…All publications included patients diagnosed with hypertension (average age 30-70 years), of which ≈54% were men, and ≈65% were taking antihypertensive medications during the study. [34][35][36][37][38][39][40]43,45,46,[48][49][50][51]58,[60][61][62][63] Some studies included participants who completed a medication washout period before entering the study, 25,32,42,52,53,55,56,59,63,64 whereas other studies included nonmedicated patients with high BP. 33,44,54,57,66,67 Three studies included both medicated and nonmedicated patients with hypertension.…”

“…Different modalities of exercise were analyzed, including aerobic, 25,[32][33][34][35][36][37][39][40][41][42][43][45][46][47]50,[52][53][54][55][57][58][59][60]64,66,67 resistance, 32,38,44,49,51,56,[61][62][63]65 and combined aerobic and resistance exercise. 41,48 Studies analyzing the effects of aerobic exercise applied either light-to-moderate 25,32,33,40,42,45,46,50,[52][53][54][55]…”

Sex Differences in Post-exercise Hypotension, Ambulatory Blood Pressure Variability, and Endothelial Function After a Power Training Session in Older Adults

“…Short-term BP variability has an important association with autonomic cardiovascular system, and higher BP fluctuations can be associated to impairments on autonomic nervous system that results in high BP levels (Nardin et al, 2019). Few studies have evaluated the acute effects of exercise on ambulatory BP variability (Caminiti et al, 2019;Batista et al, 2020;Matias et al, 2020), and no previous studies have compared BP variability between older men and women after a single bout of exercise. A previous study demonstrated reduction in 24 h and daytime systolic (~2 mmHg) and diastolic (~1 mmHg) BP variability after a single bout of combined aerobic and resistance exercise in postmenopausal women with hypertension (Matias et al, 2020).…”

“…Few studies have evaluated the acute effects of exercise on ambulatory BP variability (Caminiti et al, 2019;Batista et al, 2020;Matias et al, 2020), and no previous studies have compared BP variability between older men and women after a single bout of exercise. A previous study demonstrated reduction in 24 h and daytime systolic (~2 mmHg) and diastolic (~1 mmHg) BP variability after a single bout of combined aerobic and resistance exercise in postmenopausal women with hypertension (Matias et al, 2020). However, the present study did not find reductions on ambulatory BP variability after PT.…”