Acute and chronic effects of perfluoroalkyl substance mixtures on larval American bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana)

Flynn, R. Wesley; Chislock, Michael F.; Gannon, Megan E; Bauer, Stéphanie; Tornabene, Brian J.; Hoverman, Jason T.; Sepúlveda, Marı́a S.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124350

Cited by 49 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Most toxicity testing for aquatic species focuses on water exposure alone. Our results suggest that environmental PFAS exposure can cause adverse effects at aquatic concentrations as much as 100 times lower than those previously reported (0.06 vs ≥10 ppb; Ankley et al 2004; Hoover et al 2017; Flynn et al 2019; Fort et al 2019). There are several possible explanations for our findings.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…The most notable of these long‐chain PFAS are perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Although these chemicals are not acutely toxic at environmental concentrations, they can reduce growth and development (Hoover et al 2017; Flynn et al 2019), disrupt thyroid function (Melzer et al 2010; Cheng et al 2011), and alter immune responses (Granum et al 2013; Castaño‐Ortiz et al 2019). Because they are resistant to degradation, soluble in water, and bioaccumulate in food webs, humans and wildlife are still regularly exposed to both legacy PFAS (e.g., PFOS, PFOA) and the shorter‐chain PFAS currently in use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic Per‐/Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Exposure Under Environmentally Relevant Conditions Delays Development in Northern Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens) Larvae

Flynn

Iacchetta

Perre

et al. 2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Per‐/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are pervasive in aquatic systems globally and capable of causing detrimental effects on human and wildlife health. However, most studies are conducted under artificial conditions that are not representative of environmental exposures. Environmental exposures are characterized by multiple routes of exposure, low aquatic PFAS levels, and greater environmental variability than laboratory tests. Determining whether these factors influence toxicity is critical for understanding the effects of PFAS on aquatic life, including amphibians. Our goal was to assess the impact of PFAS on an amphibian under semirealistic conditions. We reared northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) larvae in outdoor mesocosms containing sediment spiked to low, medium, and high levels (nominally 10, 100, or 1000 ppb dry wt) of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) or perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) for 30 d. Larvae in all PFOS treatments and the medium‐PFOA treatment were approximately 1.5 Gosner stages less developed than control animals after 30 d. Notably, these developmental delays were observed at PFOS concentrations in the water as low as 0.06 ppb, which is considerably lower than levels associated with developmental effects in laboratory studies. Our results suggest that deriving toxicity values from laboratory studies examining aquatic exposure only may underestimate the effects of environmental PFAS exposure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:711–716. © 2020 SETAC

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Per‐/Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Exposure Under Environmentally Relevant Conditions Delays Development in Northern Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens) Larvae

Flynn

Iacchetta

Perre

et al. 2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…A single study reported a comparatively higher 96-h LC50 value (332 mg/L) for PFNA in X. laevis. In American bullfrogs, 96-h LC50 values for PFOS were an order of magnitude lower than for PFOA and effects of the two chemicals in combination appeared additive (Flynn et al 2019 (Foguth et al 2019). An experiment using semi-natural exposure conditions (mesocosms) reported a PFOS 30-d LOEC of 0.06 µg/L based on developmental delays, much lower than that reported for the same species under controlled conditions (10 µg/L) (Flynn et al 2020).…”

Section: Toxicity Overviewmentioning

confidence: 90%

Assessing the Ecological Risks of Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Current State‐of‐the Science and a Proposed Path Forward

Ankley

Cureton

Hoke

et al. 2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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180

119

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Per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) encompass a large, heterogenous group of chemicals of potential concern to human health and the environment. Based on information for a few relatively well understood PFAS such as perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate, there is ample basis to suspect that at least a subset can be considered persistent, bioaccumulative, and/or toxic. However, data suitable for determining risks in either prospective or retrospective assessments are lacking for the majority of PFAS. In August 2019, the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry sponsored a workshop that focused on the state-of-the-science supporting risk assessment of PFAS. This paper summarizes discussions concerning ecotoxicology and ecological risks of PFAS. First, we summarize currently available information relevant to problem formulation/prioritization, exposure, and hazard/effects of PFAS in the context of regulatory and ecological risk assessment activities from around the world. We then describe critical gaps and uncertainties relative to ecological risk assessments for PFAS and propose approaches to address these needs. Recommendations include the development of more comprehensive monitoring programs to support exposure assessment, an emphasis on research to support the formulation of predictive models for bioaccumulation, and the development of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo methods to efficiently assess biological effects for potentially sensitive species/endpoints. Addressing needs associated with assessing the ecological risk of PFAS will require cross-disciplinary approaches that employ both conventional and new methods in an integrated, resource-effective manner.

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“…100 Thus, a successful grouping strategy may need to be endpoint-specic, in which the additivity of impact for the most sensitive endpoint will need to be carefully considered. 101,102 The RPFs derived by RIVM were dened using external exposures in rodents, i.e. based on the administered dose.…”

Section: Relative Potency Factor Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for grouping per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to protect human and environmental health

Cousins

DeWitt

Glüge

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

134

101

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Acute and chronic effects of perfluoroalkyl substance mixtures on larval American bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana)

Cited by 49 publications

References 25 publications

Chronic Per‐/Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Exposure Under Environmentally Relevant Conditions Delays Development in Northern Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens) Larvae

Chronic Per‐/Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Exposure Under Environmentally Relevant Conditions Delays Development in Northern Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens) Larvae

Assessing the Ecological Risks of Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Current State‐of‐the Science and a Proposed Path Forward

Strategies for grouping per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to protect human and environmental health

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