Acute and chronic effect of sprint interval training combined with postexercise blood‐flow restriction in trained individuals

Taylor, Conor W.; Ingham, Stephen A.; Ferguson, Richard A.

doi:10.1113/ep085293

Cited by 72 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…Considering the efficiency of HIIT (short training repetitions and metabolic stress), with BFRT seems to be beneficial to increase vascular adaptations. Consequently, Taylor et al[32] compared acute HIIT (four sets of 30 s at 100%), with HIIT + BFR (cuff in the thigh, two minutes, 130 mmHg). The results of these biopsies (vastus lateralis) showed a significant increase in p38MAPK after HIIT and HIIT+BFRT, with no differences between them.…”

Section: High-intensity Interval Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of metabolic stress for enhancing muscle adaptations: Practical applications

Freitas¹,

Gerosa-Neto²,

Zanchi³

et al. 2017

WJM

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Metabolic stress is a physiological process that occurs during exercise in response to low energy that leads to metabolite accumulation [lactate, phosphate inorganic (Pi) and ions of hydrogen (H+)] in muscle cells. Traditional exercise protocol (i.e., Resistance training) has an important impact on the increase of metabolite accumulation, which influences hormonal release, hypoxia, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell swelling. Changes in acute exercise routines, such as intensity, volume and rest between sets, are determinants for the magnitude of metabolic stress, furthermore, different types of training, such as low-intensity resistance training plus blood flow restriction and high intensity interval training, could be used to maximize metabolic stress during exercise. Thus, the objective of this review is to describe practical applications that induce metabolic stress and the potential effects of metabolic stress to increase systemic hormonal release, hypoxia, ROS production, cell swelling and muscle adaptations.

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Section: High-intensity Interval Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, blood flow restriction training has been considered a tool to maximize metabolic stress[30,31]. Studies have reported great effects of this training method on aerobic adaptations and muscle hypertrophy[32,33]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of metabolic stress for enhancing muscle adaptations: Practical applications

Freitas¹,

Gerosa-Neto²,

Zanchi³

et al. 2017

WJM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, although 3 studies have assessed the effects of BFR on exercise‐induced changes in PGC‐1α mRNA content in human muscle, only one study measured different PGC‐1α transcripts . In these studies, BFR either attenuated, augmented, or had no effect on changes in PGC‐1α mRNA content after exercise. These contradictory findings are likely related to the different experimental approaches used (eg type and intensity of exercise and the timing of BFR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased FXYD1 and PGC‐1α mRNA after blood flow‐restricted running is related to fibre type‐specific AMPK signalling and oxidative stress in human muscle

et al. 2018

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AimThis study explored the effects of blood flow restriction (BFR) on mRNA responses of PGC‐1α (total, 1α1, and 1α4) and Na+,K+‐ATPase isoforms (NKA; α1‐3, β1‐3, and FXYD1) to an interval running session and determined whether these effects were related to increased oxidative stress, hypoxia, and fibre type‐specific AMPK and CaMKII signalling, in human skeletal muscle.MethodsIn a randomized, crossover fashion, 8 healthy men (26 ± 5 year and 57.4 ± 6.3 mL kg−1 min−1) completed 3 exercise sessions: without (CON) or with blood flow restriction (BFR), or in systemic hypoxia (HYP, ~3250 m). A muscle sample was collected before (Pre) and after exercise (+0 hour, +3 hours) to quantify mRNA, indicators of oxidative stress (HSP27 protein in type I and II fibres, and catalase and HSP70 mRNA), metabolites, and α‐AMPK Thr172/α‐AMPK, ACC Ser221/ACC, CaMKII Thr287/CaMKII, and PLBSer16/PLB ratios in type I and II fibres.ResultsMuscle hypoxia (assessed by near‐infrared spectroscopy) was matched between BFR and HYP, which was higher than CON (~90% vs ~70%; P < .05). The mRNA levels of FXYD1 and PGC‐1α isoforms (1α1 and 1α4) increased in BFR only (P < .05) and were associated with increases in indicators of oxidative stress and type I fibre ACC Ser221/ACC ratio, but dissociated from muscle hypoxia, lactate, and CaMKII signalling.ConclusionBlood flow restriction augmented exercise‐induced increases in muscle FXYD1 and PGC‐1α mRNA in men. This effect was related to increased oxidative stress and fibre type‐dependent AMPK signalling, but unrelated to the severity of muscle hypoxia, lactate accumulation, and modulation of fibre type‐specific CaMKII signalling.

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“…The exercise was performed at a relatively moderate intensity of 105% of the individual lactate threshold, which was the highest tolerable intensity at which the exercise protocol could be completed alongside the selected magnitude of BFR and resulted in a rather modest 1.8‐fold increase in total PGC‐1α mRNA in the non‐BFR control condition. As the authors acknowledge, this is much smaller than the changes observed after more intense or longer duration endurance‐type exercise as well as following sprint interval exercise . As a consequence, there would be a greater available capacity for further gene transcription.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Blood flow‐restricted exercise: Providing more bang for buck in trained athletes?

Ferguson

2018

Acta Physiologica

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. 2018. Increased FXYD1 and PGC-1a mRNA after blood flowrestricted running is related to fibre typespecific AMPK signalling and oxidative stress in human muscle. Acta Physiol 223, e13045.Blood flow restriction (BFR) has been utilized in physiology for centuries, from William Harvey's (1578-1657) initial use of a tourniquet to describe in detail the systemic circulation of blood, to the use in the last 40 years in the investigation of cardiovascular reflex responses, angiogenesis, skeletal muscle metabolism and fatigue. Recent investigation has largely focussed on the adaptive potential of BFR exercise training, with particular reference to skeletal muscle strength and hypertrophy and its use in the rehabilitation process. Others have continued to explore the potential for BFR in enhancing the skeletal muscle signalling response and subsequent improvement to whole body exercise performance. Adding to this latter aspect, the paper by Christiansen et al 1 in this issue of Acta Physiologica provides further convincing evidence on the potential for BFR exercise to augment skeletal muscle signalling responses, particularly related to the physiological mechanisms associated with fatigue resistance and mitochondrial capacity. In their study, recreational athletes (with a reasonable VO 2max of~57 mL min À1 kg À1 ) completed interval sessions consisting of three sets of three 2-minute running bouts. In an interesting experimental design, these were performed alone, with BFR and under normobaric hypoxic conditions (F I O 2 of 14%). By ensuring the level of skeletal muscle hypoxia (deoxygenation measured by NIRS) was consistent between the BFR and hypoxic conditions the investigators were able to ascertain whether hypoxia per se was involved in the adaptive process (as might be have been expected with the use of BFR). The exciting and novel observations were that BFR augmented the increase in mRNA expression of the Na + ,K + -ATPase (NKA) complex ancillary protein phospholemman-1 (FXYD1), which contributes to the maintenance of transmembrane Na + and K + ion gradients, critical in preserving skeletal muscle membrane excitability and thus contractile function. 2 They also demonstrated that BFR augmented the expression of specific isoforms of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-c coactivator 1a (PGC-1a), which is widely considered to be the key factor mediating exercise training-induced adaptations in mitochondrial capacity. 3 Interestingly, the augmented upregulation of these transcripts was unrelated to the severity of muscle hypoxia, lactate accumulation and activation of Ca 2+ /calmodulindependent protein kinase (CaMKII). Instead, the key physiological signals were related to the level of oxidative stress and fibre type specific 5 0 AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling. This study clearly improves our understanding of the physiological stressors involved in the regulation of NKA and PGC-1a expression, and how these stressors can be influenced by BFR. The study also adds support to the debate on the potent...

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Acute and chronic effect of sprint interval training combined with postexercise blood‐flow restriction in trained individuals

Cited by 72 publications

References 48 publications

Role of metabolic stress for enhancing muscle adaptations: Practical applications

Role of metabolic stress for enhancing muscle adaptations: Practical applications

Increased FXYD1 and PGC‐1α mRNA after blood flow‐restricted running is related to fibre type‐specific AMPK signalling and oxidative stress in human muscle

Blood flow‐restricted exercise: Providing more bang for buck in trained athletes?

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