Acute and Chronic Cardiovascular Response to 16 Weeks of Combined Eccentric or Traditional Resistance and Aerobic Training in Elderly Hypertensive Women

Abstract

Both aerobic (AT) and resistance training (RT) are recommended as nonpharmacological treatments to prevent hypertension. However, there is a paucity of literature investigating the effects of combined exercise modes (RT combined with AT) in elderly hypertensive women. Thus, our aim was to compare the postexercise hypotension (PEH) response to both protocol models and to assess the correlation between the degree of PEH after acute and chronic training. Furthermore, we also compared several biochemical variables for each training group. Sixty hypertensive older women were randomly assigned into nonexercised control (no systematic exercise training throughout the study), eccentric RT (ERT), and traditional RT (TRT). The training programs consisted of 16 weeks of RT combined with AT. Blood pressure (BP), biochemical profiles, and 1 repetition maximum (1RM) were evaluated. There was a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) after both training regimens pre- to posttraining (combined ERT +5% and TRT +7%; p = 0.001 for both). There was a decrease in systolic BP (SBP) (combined ERT -19% and TRT -21%; p = 0.001 for both) and diastolic BP (DBP) (-13% for both; p = 0.001 for both). There was an increase in bench press 1RM (combined ERT +54% and TRT +35%; p = 0.001 for both) and leg press 1RM (combined ERT +52% and TRT +33%; p = 0.001 for both). The magnitude of decrease in SBP after acute exercise was moderately correlated with the drop in SBP after chronic training for the ERT combined with AT group (r = 0.64). Both combined training protocols are effective in promoting benefits in health-related factors (HDL, SBP, DBP, and 1RM). Considering the lower cardiovascular stress experienced during combined ERT, this type of training seems to be the most suitable for elders, deconditioned individuals, and hypertensives.

Blood pressure response to acute and chronic exercise in chronic kidney disease

“…Admittedly, this is speculative, but the answer to this question is unlikely to be known because it would be unethical to withhold medication from diagnosed CKD patients to determine the ‘pure’ effect of exercise training on their blood pressure response. Other researchers have reported reductions in resting blood pressure values following a period of training in medicated hypertensive individuals . However, their resting pre‐intervention SBP readings, even on medication, were higher than ours (134.5 ± 14.6 vs 126.4 ± 17, mmHg) .…”

Left Ventricular Function Improve after Bench Press: A Speckle Tracking and 3D Echocardiography Study

“…This study indicates that training degree beneficially can improve left ventricular compliance. This could explain the clinical improvement detected by high levels of muscular strength appear to protect hypertensive men and woman against all-cause mortality [18][19][20][21]. This study raises a new question we could exercise improve cardiac synchrony?…”

Effects of Concurrent Exercise on Hypertension: Current Consensus and Emerging Research

“…Menêses and colleagues [ 20 ] observed signifi cant increases in resting BP following control (~9/6 mmHg) but not concurrent exercise (~2/3 mmHg, p > 0.05), a potential acute BP reduction of ~3-8 mmHg for middle-aged women with hypertension (~130/68 mmHg) who were taking at least one antihypertensive medication to control their high BP. Similarly, dos Santos and colleagues [ 19 ] found concurrent exercise elicited PEH by a magnitude of ~3-5 mmHg among 60 older women who were currently taking BP medication to manage their uncontrolled hypertension (~166/91 mmHg); a lesser magnitude than reported by Menêses et al despite higher baseline values.…”

“…Half of the acute trials "matched" the exercise duration [ 32 ], volume (MET-min per session) [ 20 ], or both [ 31 ] for the aerobic and resistance components in the concurrent exercise bout (see Table 3.1 ). In contrast, Keese [ 8 ] and dos Santos et al [ 19 ] prescribed shorter duration (20 min) and lower aerobic exercise volume (100-144 MET-min per session) with longer resistance exercise duration (40-60 min) and higher volume (~160-270 MET-min per session) (Table 3.1 ). Overall, differences in exercise duration and concurrent exercise volume did not appear to signifi cantly modulate PEH, with the exception of Teixeira et al [ 32 ] who prescribed a lower resistance exercise load.…”