Acute Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in a Newborn

Nichols, Myron M.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1967.02090210128015

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…The pattern of consumption rose over the 3 trimesters of pregnancy but remained stable over the postnatal period. The increased consumption during lactation from the levels reached during pregnancy has also been reported in mice (Thiessen, Whitworth, & Rodgers, 1966, 1967 but the opposite pattern has been found in the hamster (Carver, Nash, Emerson, & Moore, 1953;Emerson, Brown, Nash, & Moore, 1952). The effect may be specific for the type of rodent.…”

Section: Drug Intakementioning

confidence: 70%

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Offspring survival, development, and operant performance following maternal ethanol consumption

Martin¹,

Martin²,

Sigman³

et al. 1977

Developmental Psychobiology

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Gravid Sprague-Dawley-derived rats received 35-40% of their total calories in alcohol during pregnancy or pregnancy and the 23-day nursing period. Ethanol was administered both as the sole fluid source in a .1% saccharin solution and by twice daily subcutaneous injections. Two gravid control groups were matched for caloric and fluid intake to the experimental groups and received injections of the saline vehicle. The offspring were monitored from birth to adulthood on a variety of vital, developmental, and operant measures. Littermates of the behavioral offspring were sacrificed and necropsied at 1 and 12 months of age and the major organs examined for pathology. Differences between alcohol and control groups were found for maternal weight gain, length of gestation, number of neonatal deaths, growth retardation of offspring to postnatal Day 72, date of eye opening, distance traversed on Day 15, contingent performance in the 1st week on continuous reinforcement, fixed ratio, and timing appetitive schedules, and on number of shock initiations and ability to discriminate contingencies on punishment schedules. No gross abnormalities were observed in the major organs at necropsy.

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Section: Drug Intakementioning

confidence: 70%

“…Ethyl alcohol readily crosses the placental barrier (Nichols, 1967;Schaeler, 1962;Wyckerheld-Bisdom, 1937) and is apparently excreted in the milk (Lehman, Schwerma, & Richards, 1945). The drug acts upon milk ejection through inhibition of oxytoxin release (Cobo, 1973) and the onset of lactation is inhibited by high progesteri3ne titers.…”

Section: Martin Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Offspring survival, development, and operant performance following maternal ethanol consumption

Martin¹,

Martin²,

Sigman³

et al. 1977

Developmental Psychobiology

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“…Withdrawal from ethanol begins early, in general, during the first 3 to 12 hours after delivery. 12,15 Diagnosis of sedative withdrawal is more difficult, because classically it appears after the first few days of life. Barbiturate withdrawal has a median onset of 4 to 7 days, but a wide range from days 1 through 14.…”

Section: Clinical Presentation Of Opioid Withdrawalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Drug Withdrawal

Hudak¹,

Tan²,

Frattarelli³

et al. 2012

Pediatrics

743

608

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Maternal use of certain drugs during pregnancy can result in transient neonatal signs consistent with withdrawal or acute toxicity or cause sustained signs consistent with a lasting drug effect. In addition, hospitalized infants who are treated with opioids or benzodiazepines to provide analgesia or sedation may be at risk for manifesting signs of withdrawal. This statement updates information about the clinical presentation of infants exposed to intrauterine drugs and the therapeutic options for treatment of withdrawal and is expanded to include evidence-based approaches to the management of the hospitalized infant who requires weaning from analgesics or sedatives.

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“…As a consequence of chronic in utero exposure to ethanol, infants may undergo withdrawal shortly after birth (Nichols, 1967;Pierog, Chandavasu, & Wexler, 1977;Schaefer, 1962). Withdrawal signs appear to be analogous to those of adult delirium tremens and include hyperactivity, sweating, and prolonged twitching for several days after birth.…”

Section: Chronic Effec/s (Hitman Studies)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal alcohol syndrome: Behavioral teratology.

Abel¹

1980

Psychological Bulletin

127

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The fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a pattern of physical malformations observed in the offspring of women who drink alcohol during pregnancy. The most serious effect of in utero exposure to alcohol is mental retardation. Although the physical characteristics associated with the FAS have been attributed to the direct effects of alcohol, conditions secondary to alcohol intake (e.g., altered nutrition) cannot be eliminated as etiological factors in the impairment in cognitive function. Although animal models have been developed to study the question of direct vs indirect causation, there is little agreement in the results of these studies, and the methodology used leaves much to be desired in terms of adequate controls. (3½ p ref)

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Acute Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in a Newborn

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Offspring survival, development, and operant performance following maternal ethanol consumption

Offspring survival, development, and operant performance following maternal ethanol consumption

Neonatal Drug Withdrawal

Fetal alcohol syndrome: Behavioral teratology.

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