Acute aerobic exercise modulates primary motor cortex inhibition

Mooney, Ronan A.; Coxon, James P.; Cirillo, John; Glenny, Helen; Gant, Nicholas; Byblow, Winston D.

doi:10.1007/s00221-016-4767-5

Cited by 56 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…And, such increases in cortical excitability may render neuronal pools more susceptible to plasticity induction through targeted rehabilitation strategies, when preceded by a bout of exercise (Cotman et al, ; Griesbach, ). Recently, TMS measures have been studied as a means to assess such exercise‐mediated changes in cortical excitability (McDonnell et al, ; Mooney et al, ; Singh et al, ; Smith et al, ) One key difference in our results from previous research is a lack of significant change in cortical inhibition measures (SICI and LICI) (Mooney et al, ; Singh et al, ; Smith et al, ). Previous research has suggested that cortical excitability increases are a product of a reduction in cortical inhibition, creating a more favourable environment for potentiation‐like excitability changes (Singh et al, ), and whilst in our study, increases in ICF were seen, comparable to previous studies (Lulic et al, ; Singh et al, ), these were not associated with a concomitant reduction in cortical inhibition (SICI).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Cortical adaptations following injury to the brain (e.g. after stroke or traumatic brain injury) are a key goal of rehabilitation, and aerobic exercise has been associated with short‐term changes in cortical excitability within the motor cortex (Mooney et al, ; Singh, Duncan, Neva, & Staines, ; Smith, Goldsworthy, Garside, Wood, & Ridding, ). Exercise may facilitate learning‐based rehabilitation via adaptive modulation of cortical excitability (Singh et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Paired‐pulse TMS (ppTMS) can be applied with different inter‐stimulus intervals to provide an understanding of excitatory and inhibitory GABAergic and glutamatergic systems (Kujirai et al, ; Valls‐Solé, Pascual‐Leone, Wassermann, & Hallett, ). Studies have shown that moderate‐intensity exercise can modulate TMS measures of intracortical facilitation (ICF) and inhibition, including short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and long interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) (Lulic, El‐Sayes, Fassett, & Nelson, ; Mooney et al, ; Singh et al, ; Smith et al, ). Of these studies, Smith and colleagues were the only previous study to assess the effect of light aerobic exercise on TMS measures of cortical excitability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Light aerobic exercise modulates executive function and cortical excitability

Morris

Fried

Macone

et al. 2019

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Single bouts of aerobic exercise can modulate cortical excitability and executive cognitive function, but less is known about the effect of light-intensity exercise, an intensity of exercise more achievable for certain clinical populations. Fourteen healthy adults (aged 22 to 30) completed the following study procedures twice (≥7 days apart) before and after 30 min of either light aerobic exercise (cycling) or seated rest: neurocognitive battery (multitasking performance, inhibitory control and spatial working memory), paired-pulse TMS measures of cortical excitability. Significant improvements in response times during multitasking performance and increases in intracortical facilitation (ICF) were seen following light aerobic exercise. Light aerobic exercise can modulate cortical excitability and some executive function tasks.Populations with deficits in multitasking ability may benefit from this intervention. K E Y W O R D S cortical excitability, executive function, exercise, neuroplasticity How to cite this article: Morris TP, Fried PJ, Macone J, et al. Light aerobic exercise modulates executive function and cortical excitability. Eur J Neurosci.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Light aerobic exercise modulates executive function and cortical excitability

Morris

Fried

Macone

et al. 2019

Eur J of Neuroscience

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“…; Mooney et al . ; Stavrinos & Coxon, ). Although GABA pooling can result in synaptic disinhibition via extrasynaptic GABA B autoreceptors, extrasynaptic GABA B is typically cleared within hundreds of milliseconds (Cash et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Mooney et al . ), including one study where HIIT exercise was utilized (Stavrinos & Coxon, ). These TMS studies propose that the reduction in GABA is a permissive factor for plasticity processes in the motor system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GABA concentration in sensorimotor cortex following high‐intensity exercise and relationship to lactate levels

Coxon

Cash

Hendrikse

et al. 2017

The Journal of Physiology

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Key pointsr Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was conducted before and after high-intensity interval exercise.r Sensorimotor cortex GABA concentration increased by 20%. r The increase was positively correlated with the increase in blood lactate. r There was no change in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. r There were no changes in the glutamate-glutamine-glutathione peak.Abstract High-intensity exercise increases the concentration of circulating lactate. Cortical uptake of blood borne lactate increases during and after exercise; however, the potential relationship with changes in the concentration of neurometabolites remains unclear. Although changes in neurometabolite concentration have previously been demonstrated in primary visual cortex after exercise, it remains unknown whether these changes extend to regions such as the sensorimotor cortex (SM) or executive regions such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). In the present study, we explored the acute after-effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the concentration of gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the combined glutamate-glutamine-glutathione (Glx) spectral peak in the SM and DLPFC, as well as the relationship with blood lactate levels. Following HIIT, there was a robust increase in GABA concentration in the SM, as evident across the majority of participants. This change was not observed in the DLPFC. Furthermore, the increase in SM GABA was positively correlated with an increase in blood lactate. There were no changes in Glx concentration in either region. The observed increase in SM GABA concentration implies functional relevance, whereas the correlation with lactate levels may relate to the metabolic fate of exercise-derived lactate that crosses the blood-brain barrier.

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High-intensity exhaustive exercise reduces long-interval intracortical inhibition

2018

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The development of fatigue during single-joint isolated muscle contractions is accompanied by an increase in long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI). However, the effect of whole-body locomotor endurance exercise on LICI is unknown. Eighteen healthy men completed three exercise trials on a cycle ergometer. The first trial was completed to determine the lactate threshold (LT) and maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]). The remaining two trials (familiarisation and experimental) involved cycling to volitional exhaustion at an intensity equivalent to halfway between the LT and [Formula: see text] (50%Δ). Responses to stimulation of the femoral nerve [motor nerve stimulation (MNS)] and motor cortex [transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)] were determined pre- and post-exercise to determine the level of peripheral fatigue [potentiated quadriceps twitch (Q)] and central fatigue [voluntary activation measured by MNS and TMS (VA and VA, respectively)]. Corticospinal excitability (motor evoked potentials) and intracortical inhibition [LICI and corticospinal silent period (SP)] were also measured from electromyography recordings on the vastus lateralis. There were exercise-induced reductions in maximal voluntary contraction torque (- 21 ± 10%), Q (- 37 ± 18%), VA (- 7 ± 7%) and VA (- 8 ± 10) (all P < 0.01). There were increases in the LICI ratio and reductions in SP duration from pre- to post-exercise (mean absolute change of 16 ± 14% and - 31 ± 28 s, respectively) (both P < 0.01). The pre- and post-exercise MEP amplitudes were not different (P = 0.86). The neural inhibitory circuits that mediate the LICI and SP became less excitable with fatigue following high-intensity exhaustive cycling, which could be important in the aetiology of central fatigue during whole-body locomotor endurance exercise.

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Acute aerobic exercise modulates primary motor cortex inhibition

Cited by 56 publications

References 47 publications

Light aerobic exercise modulates executive function and cortical excitability

Light aerobic exercise modulates executive function and cortical excitability

GABA concentration in sensorimotor cortex following high‐intensity exercise and relationship to lactate levels

High-intensity exhaustive exercise reduces long-interval intracortical inhibition

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