Acupuncture transmitted infections

Woo, Patrick C. Y.; Lin, Ada Wai-chi; Lau, Susanna K. P.; Yuen, Kwok‐Yung

doi:10.1136/bmj.c1268

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…However, in the last decade, reports of infection transmission have increased considerably, including those of atypical mycobacteria (6) . A routine that should be strengthened for practitioners of acupuncture is the importance of using (30) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Table 1), which were analyzed in full. As shown in Table 1, two publications (6,13) were excluded due to the exclusion criteria. To perform the data collection a validated instrument (14) was used that was adapted to allow the production of a summary table of the publications included ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are approximately 50 species of mycobacterium that have been identified as causing disease in humans, however the incidence of specific diseases caused by atypical mycobacteria has increased with the advent of the HIV/AIDS and the use of immunosuppressive therapies (6) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atypical mycobacterias associated to acupuncuture: an integrative review

Gnatta

Kurebayashi

Silva

2013

Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atypical mycobacterias associated to acupuncuture: an integrative review

Gnatta

Kurebayashi

Silva

2013

Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem

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“…Thus, daily stimulation of the skin might be effective and important in promoting health. Professional somato-autonomic reflex therapies such as acupuncture, moxibustion and massage need experts and special equipment to avoid malpractice and reduce problems such as infection, tissue breakdown and hyperstimulation (20,21). In contrast, SRDT can be self-applied at any time and in any place, and may raise awareness of the importance of regular habits and self-management for the individual's physical and mental state.…”

Section: Continuous Daily Srdt Self-care Therapy Is Most Effectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Skin rubdown with a dry towel, ^|^lsquo;kanpu-masatsu' is an aerobic exercise affecting body temperature, energy production, and the immune and autonomic nervous systems

et al. 2012

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Skin rubdown using a dry towel (SRDT) to scrub the whole body is a traditional therapy for health promotion. To investigate its mechanism, 24 healthy male volunteers were studied. Body temperature, pulse rate, red blood cells (RBCs), serum levels of catecholamines and cortisol, blood gases (PO 2 , sO 2 , PCO 2 and pH), lactate and glucose, and the ratio and number of white blood cells (WBCs) were assessed before and after SRDT. After SRDT, pulse rate and body temperature were increased. PO 2 , sO 2 and pH were also increased and there was no Rouleaux formation by RBCs. Lactate level tended to increase, whereas that of glucose did not. Adrenaline and noradrenaline levels increased, indicating sympathetic nerve (SN) dominance with increase in granulocytes. WBC number and ratio were divided into two groups according to granulocyte ratio (≤ or < 60%) before SRDT: a normal group and a SN group. Only in the SN group did the granulocyte ratio decrease and the lymphocyte ratio and number increase after SRDT. It is suggested that SRDT is a mild aerobic, systemic exercise that might affect the immune system via the autonomic nervous system. Skin rubdown using a dry towel (SRDT) to scrub the whole body, called 'kanpu-masatsu' is popular in Japan. It is said that it became common in 1940 as a prevention against infectious respiratory diseases in elementary educational institutions; however, its origin is unknown (6). At present, officer candidates in the Japanese Maritime Self Defense Force practice it every morning, as do students in elementary schools and kindergartens, where it is required as part of the winter daily schedule to prevent asthma and colds. SRDT thus remains popular nationwide as a health promoting therapy.SRDT has parallels with other traditional oriental therapies such as acupuncture, moxibustion and massage, all of which stimulate the skin. These therapies have much supporting evidence for their effects in preventing colds, enhancing immunity, increasing blood flow, activating natural killer cells via somato-autonomic reflexes, and improving metabolism via the autonomic nervous system (ANS) (5,8,9,12,(22)(23)(24). However, there have been insufficient studies of the effects of SRDT. There is a report that SRDT activates natural killer cells (6), but the subjects of that study were limited to bedridden elderly patients, and SRDT was performed not by the subjects themselves but by their nursing personnel. In the present study, healthy volunteers were investigated. We assessed body temperature

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“…Involving the insertion of needles up to several centimeters beneath the skin, the practice of acupuncture may pose risks to the recipients. Among all acupuncture associated complications, transmission of pathogenic microorganisms is one of the most important (Woo et al, 2010). With the increasing use of acupuncture globally, infections transmitted by acupuncture have become an emerging health problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%