Acupuncture Suppresses Morphine Craving in Progressive Ratio through GABA system

Lee, Bong Hyo; Zhao, Rui; Lee, Byung Gwon; Kim, Nam Jun; Yang, Chae Ha; Kim, Hee Young; Gwak, Young Seob; Lim, Sung Chul; Lee, Yun Kyu; Lee, Hyun Jong; Lee, Sang-Nam

doi:10.1016/j.imr.2015.04.092

Cited by 1 publication

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“…3 days (3D), 7 days (7D), 21 days (21D), and 21D withdrawal of 3 following days (21D3DW). ese dosages were selected based on the clinical treatment for humans and the previous animal studies about intravenous morphine administration [36][37][38][39], and we also assigned lower dose of 0.1 mg/kg to examine if morphine induces immune decrease at a low dose Each group n � 5.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acupuncture Inhibits Morphine Induced-Immune Suppress via Antioxidant System

Zhao

Lee

Park

et al. 2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Objectives. A powerful analgesic called Morphine causes addiction behaviors and immune suppression as a potential oxidative stressor. Acupuncture showed to inhibit oxidative stress-induced hepatic damage, regulate reactive oxygen species, and attenuate morphine addiction behaviors. Therefore, we investigated the potential effects of acupuncture on morphine-induced immune suppression. Materials and Methods. Rats received morphine intravenously through implanted catheters for 3, 7, or 21 days to determine the optimal condition for morphine-induced immune suppression. Second, we examined whether intravenous (iv.) or intraperitoneal (ip.) administration produced different results. Third, the effects of acupuncture in rats who received morphine for 21 days were investigated. Spleen and submandibular lymph node (S-LN) weights and natural killer (NK) cell activity were measured, and the white pulp diameter, total and cortical spleen thicknesses, and the number of lymphoid follicles in S-LNs were examined. The number of immunoreactive cells was also measured. Results. Decreased organ weights and increased atrophic changes were observed as morphine-induced immune suppression. However, dose-dependent increased immune suppression was not observed between 5.0 mg/kg and 10.0 mg/kg of morphine. And, 3-day withdrawal did not affect. Similar histopathological findings were observed in 5.0 and 10.0 ip. rats when compared to equal dosages of iv., respectively. The morphine induced-immune suppression evidenced by spleen and left S-LN weights, splenic NK cell activities, histopathological findings, and the immunoreactive cell number were normalized by acupuncture. Conclusion. These results indicate that acupuncture inhibits morphine-induced immune suppression, maybe via antioxidative action.

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Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In drug addiction, acupuncture had shown normalizing effects [33][34][35]. Furthermore, for morphine addiction, acupuncture showed potential therapeutic effects in diverse situations [36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%