Acupuncture reduces nicotine-induced norepinephrine release in the hypothalamus via the solitary NMDA receptor/NOS pathway

Liu, Hong Feng; Zhao, Zhenglin; Zhang, Jie; Wu, Yi; Jiao, Yu; Wu, Tie; Kim, Sang Chan; Lee, Bong Hyo; Fan, Yu; Lee, Chul Won; Kim, Young Woo; Yang, Chae Ha; Zhu, Xiao Dong; Zhao, Rui

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2019.04.036

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Thus, this method is a combination of needling and electric stimulation; it has the potential to prevent and treat diseases (20,21). To date, the literature reports that EA can adjust human physiological functions (22), relieve pain (23), sedate (24), promote blood circulation (25), and adjust muscle tension (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of electro-acupuncture combined with dyclonine hydrochloride in relieving the side effects of gastroscopy: a controlled trial

Chen¹,

Li²,

Chen³

et al. 2021

Ann Palliat Med

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Background: The present study aimed to explore the effectiveness of electro-acupuncture (EA) in combination with a local anesthetic used in Western medicine in preventing the side effects of gastroscopy.Methods: A sample group of 150 patients were divided into three groups based on treatment methods: an EA group, a dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage group, and a combined treatment group. In the EA group, EA stimulation was given at the Hegu, Neiguan, and Zusanli acupoints; in the dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage group, patients took 10 mL of dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage orally; in the combined treatment group, prevention of side effects was attempted by administration of both acupuncture and oral local anesthetic.The incidences of nausea, emesis, salivation, cough, restlessness, and breath holding during gastroscopy were observed and recorded for the three groups. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation were recorded before the examination, and changes in these measures were recorded as the gastroscope passed through the pylorus and after the examination. The visual analogue scale (VAS) values of nausea and emesis, the rate of successful first-pass intubation, and the time of gastroscopy were also recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using R-3.5.3 software.Results: Incidences of side effects (e.g., nausea, emesis, salivation, restlessness, and breath holding) during the examination were lower in the combined treatment group than in the EA group and the dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage group (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Furthermore, the changes in heart rate and oxygen saturation when the gastroscope passed through the pylorus and after the examination were better in the combined treatment group than in the EA group and dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage group (P<0.01).The VAS values of nausea and emesis, the first-pass success rate, and examination duration were also better for the combined treatment group than for the other two groups (P<0.05 and P<0.01).Conclusions: EA combined with local anesthesia with dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage can alleviate side effects during gastroscopy, reduce patient pain, and improve the efficiency of the procedure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of electro-acupuncture combined with dyclonine hydrochloride in relieving the side effects of gastroscopy: a controlled trial

Chen¹,

Li²,

Chen³

et al. 2021

Ann Palliat Med

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“…Calcium ions enter the cell through the NMDA receptor in limbic areas, such as the hippocampus, which in turn activates neuronal nitric oxide synthase leading to the synthesis of NO [ 21 , 22 ]. Liu et al found that acupuncture attenuates nicotine withdrawal-induced anxiety through the inhibition of the NMDA receptor/nitric oxide synthase (NMDAR/NOS) pathway [ 23 ]. First, our data revealed that vitamin D3 ameliorated the anxiety-like behaviors during nicotine withdrawal and downregulated the expression of NR2A in the hippocampus, which may be related to the inhibition of the NMDAR/NOS pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D3 reduces hippocampal NR2A and anxiety in nicotine withdrawal mice

Tao

Liu

et al. 2021

Translational Neuroscience

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Nicotine withdrawal symptoms, mainly anxiety, cause high level of relapse rate after quitting smoking. Vitamin D supplementation has shown its potential for the prevention and treatment of anxiety disorders; however, neurobiological studies about the effect of vitamin D on nicotine withdrawal-induced anxiety are limited. To investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of vitamin D3 supplement by dietary on anxiety-like behavior during nicotine withdrawal, male C57/BL6 mice were divided into four groups: vehicle, nicotine only, vitamin D3 only, and nicotine plus vitamin D3. Mice were administrated with nicotine in drinking water (200 µg/mL), and vitamin D3 in feed for 6 weeks. During nicotine withdrawal, vitamin D3-treated mice showed significantly less anxiety-like behavior by an open-field test and marble buried test that performed an increase in the duration of the central zone and a decrease buried marble, respectively. Moreover, vitamin D3 supplementation attenuated the hippocampal NR2A expression on both protein and mRNA levels in nicotine and vitamin D3-treated mice. Our data showed that dietary supplementation with vitamin D3 ameliorated nicotine withdrawal-induced anxiety, which may be related to downregulation of NR2A expression in hippocampus. Vitamin D3 may provide a new dietary intervention with the easy access for smoking cessation.

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“…Trunk blood was collected to measure plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels. The entire brain was removed and stored at −80°C, and NTS tissues were obtained by the punch-out technique [ 25 ] according to the coordinates outlined above for Western blot analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Next, microdialysates were collected at 15-minute intervals in microcentrifuge tubes containing 1 μ L 5% perchloric acid, and basal NE levels were determined by measuring three consecutive dialysates prior to experimental administration. NE levels in the microdialysates were measured by injecting a 15 μ L dialysate into a high-performance liquid chromatography system equipped with a coulometric detector (Coulochem II; ESA Laboratories, Bedford, MA) [ 25 ]. After measuring the basal NE level, the rats received bilateral intra-NTS injection of carboxy-PTIO, L-NAME, 7-NI, or L-NIO.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bonassoli et al [ 21 ] reported that EtOHW activated NO-producing neurons in the brainstem, while local infusion of NOS inhibitors into the brainstem regions such as the periaqueductal gray matter area and the dorsal raphe nucleus mitigates EtOHW anxiety [ 22 , 23 ]. Our previous studies indicated that acute nicotine induces NE release in the hypothalamus and amygdala via the NTS NO pathway [ 24 , 25 ]. These findings suggest that the NTS NO system may mediate the enhanced NTS-vBNST noradrenergic activities during protracted EtOHW.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solitary Nitric Oxide Signaling Mediates Mild Stress-Induced Anxiety and Norepinephrine Release in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis during Protracted Ethanol Withdrawal

Zhao

Kim

Jiao

et al. 2021

Behavioural Neurology

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Ethanol withdrawal (EtOHW) alters the pattern of neurohormonal and behavioral response toward internal and external stimuli, which mediates relapse to alcohol use even after a long period of abstinence. Increased noradrenergic signaling from the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) during EtOHW underlies withdrawal-induced anxiety, while nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors injected into the periaqueductal area attenuate EtOHW-induced anxiety. Therefore, this study investigated the involvement of NOS within the NTS in anxiety and increased norepinephrine (NE) release in the BNST during protracted EtOHW in rats exposed to a mild stress. Rats were intraperitoneally administered 3 g/kg/day EtOH for 21 days followed by 28 days of withdrawal, and on the 28th day of withdrawal, the rats were subjected to restraint stress for 7 minutes. The elevated plus maze test was employed to evaluate anxiety-like behavior in rats, and in vivo microdialysis was used to measure the extracellular NE level in the BNST. In elevated plus maze tests, EtOHW rats but not EtOH-naive rats exhibited anxiety-like behavior when challenged with 7-minute mild restraint stress, which was, respectively, mitigated by prior intra-NTS infusion of the nitric oxide scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (carboxy-PTIO), nonselective NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), or selective neuronal NOS (nNOS) inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (7-NI). Each of these agents also decreased the plasma corticosterone levels in EtOHW rats. In in vivo microdialysis, prior intra-NTS infusion of carboxy-PTIO, L-NAME, or 7-NI attenuated the mild stress-induced NE release in the BNST of EtOHW rats. Additionally, EtOHW rats showed increased solitary nNOS gene and protein expression. Moreover, the anxiolytic effect of intra-NTS administration of 7-NI was abolished by subsequent intra-NTS administration of sodium nitroprusside. These results suggest that elevation of solitary nitric oxide signaling derived from nNOS mediates stress-precipitated anxiety and norepinephrine release in the BNST during protracted EtOHW.

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Acupuncture reduces nicotine-induced norepinephrine release in the hypothalamus via the solitary NMDA receptor/NOS pathway

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

The effectiveness of electro-acupuncture combined with dyclonine hydrochloride in relieving the side effects of gastroscopy: a controlled trial

The effectiveness of electro-acupuncture combined with dyclonine hydrochloride in relieving the side effects of gastroscopy: a controlled trial

Vitamin D3 reduces hippocampal NR2A and anxiety in nicotine withdrawal mice

Solitary Nitric Oxide Signaling Mediates Mild Stress-Induced Anxiety and Norepinephrine Release in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis during Protracted Ethanol Withdrawal

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