Acupuncture ameliorates Mobile Phone Addiction with sleep disorders and restores salivary metabolites rhythm

Abstract

ObjectivesMobile Phone Addiction (MPA) is a novel behavioral addiction resulting in circadian rhythm disorders that severely affect mental and physical health. The purpose of this study is to detect rhythmic salivary metabolites in MPA with sleep disorder (MPASD) subjects and investigate the effects of acupuncture.MethodsSix MPASD patients and six healthy controls among the volunteers were enrolled by MPA Tendency Scale (MPATS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), then the salivary samples of MPASD and healthy controls were collected every 4-h for three consecutive days. Acupuncture was administered for 7 days to MPASD subjects, then saliva samples were collected again. Salivary metabolomes were analyzed with the method of LC-MS.ResultAccording to our investigation, 70 (57.85%) MPA patients and 56 (46.28%) MPASD patients were identified among 121 volunteers. The symptoms of the 6 MPASD subjects were significantly alleviated after acupuncture intervention. The number of rhythmic saliva metabolites dropped sharply in MPASD subjects and restored after acupuncture. Representative rhythmic saliva metabolites including melatonin, 2′-deoxyuridine, thymidine, thymidine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate lost rhythm and restored after acupuncture, which may attribute to promising MPASD treatment and diagnosis biomarkers. The rhythmic saliva metabolites of healthy controls were mainly enriched in neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, whereas polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis was mainly enriched in MPASD patients.ConclusionThis study revealed circadian rhythm characteristics of salivary metabolites in MPASD and that acupuncture could ameliorate MPASD by restoring part of the dysrhythmia salivary metabolites.

Dysrhythmic saliva microbiota in mobile phone addicts with sleep disorders and restored by acupuncture

“…The acupuncture protocol was described previously ( 35 ). MPASD patients who received acupuncture for 7 d were included in group T. Eight acupoints, including Neiguan (PC6), Baihui (GV20) and Anmian (EX-HN22) ( Figure 2 ), were selected based on acupuncture theory for sleep disorders and behavioral addictions ( 36 – 38 ).…”

Critical Factors in Sample Collection and Preparation for Clinical Metabolomics of Underexplored Biological Specimens

“…The preparation of saliva samples for metabolomics analysis is quite simple. In general, the procedures involve protein precipitation with acetonitrile [ 189 , 190 , 191 , 192 , 193 , 194 , 195 ], methanol [ 196 , 197 , 198 ], or a combination of methanol/acetonitrile (1:1, v / v ) [ 199 , 200 , 201 ], methanol/water [ 202 , 203 , 204 , 205 , 206 ], and methanol/acetonitrile/water (2:2:1, v / v / v ) [ 207 ]. Other studies have used isopropanol [ 208 ] or acetone [ 209 ], which requires evaporation and resuspension in an appropriate solvent before chromatographic analysis.…”

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“…Six MPASD patients and six ageand sex-matched healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to groups M and N, respectively, without significant differences in age (24.50 ± 3.27 vs. 24.67 ± 3.01, p = 0.93) or body mass index (BMI) (21.02 ± 0.97 vs 20.82 ± 1.16, p = 0.75). The average MPATS (48.00 ± 7.77) and PSQI (10.33 ± 2.42) scores in group M were significantly higher than the average MPATS (31.50 ± 2.25) and PSQI (3.16 ± 2.13) scores in group N. Compared with group M, acupuncture intervention substantially restored the MPATS (48.00 ± 7.77 vs 39.83 ± 4.17, p = 0.0467) and PSQI (10.33 ± 2.42 vs 4.83 ± 1.17, p = 0.0005) scores (35).…”

“…The acupuncture protocol was described previously (35). MPASD patients who received acupuncture for 7 d were included in group T. Eight acupoints, including Neiguan (PC6), Baihui (GV20) and Anmian (EX-HN22) (Figure 2), were selected based on acupuncture theory for sleep disorders and behavioral addictions (36)(37)(38).…”

“…All participants were prohibited from eating or brushing 2 h before sampling. To minimize dietary interference, all subjects received diet education and consumed standard meals at 08:00, 12:00, and 18:00 (35). All participants were awakened< 5 min before 0:00 or 4:00 for sampling.…”