Actuation response of typical biased shape memory alloy wire under variable electric heating rates: Experimental investigation and modeling

Abstract

Electric heating is commonly used to induce the inverse martensitic transformation in shape memory alloy (SMA) wire actuators. Different actuation responses can be achieved when adjusting the heating currents. In this study, typical biased NiTi SMA wire actuators were tested under the heating currents of 1.5 A, 3 A, 4 A, and 5 A. It was found that SMA wire actuators under three typical biases (dead weight, linear spring, dead weight & linear spring) behaved differently as the heating current increased. Moreover, under dead weight bias and mixed bias, high heating currents tended to cause dynamic responses during actuation. The maximum inertia load induced by dynamic responses was 2.65 times as much as the static load. In contrast, the actuation response under linear spring bias was relatively steady. A model based on the SMA constitutive equation and the dynamic equation was also established, which was capable of simulating the dynamic actuation responses of SMA wire actuators under high electric heating rates.

Test Rig for Investigating the Functional and Structural Fatigue of Shape Memory Alloy Wires Based on Different Activation Profiles

“…There is already some preliminary work in the literature that deals with the use of different activation profiles. Zhang et al 2023 and Vollach et al 2016/Vollach et al 2010 focus on the speed of activation [ 55 , 56 , 57 ]. However, only a single cycle is considered, and no lifetime study is carried out.…”

Intelligent Materials and Nanomaterials Improving Physical Properties and Control Oriented on Electronic Implementations

“…Innovative materials implementing piezoelectric micro-actuators, magnetorheological fluids and shape memory alloys, and energy-harvesting devices [206][207][208][209][210][211] AI-controlled systems influencing smart material detection (orientation, activation, NP movement, etc. )…”

“…The research advances in micro-nano electronics using innovative polymer-based materials are mainly in flexible electronics [182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198][199][200], the synthesis of new materials having enhanced electrical properties [201][202][203][204][205][206][207][208][209][210][211][212][213][214][215][216][217][218], micro-/nanocircuits [219][220][221][222][223][224][225][226][227], and electronic components [228][229]…”

“…The realization of new materials in electronics includes the implementation of liquid materials [201][202][203][204], mechanical integrated electronic materials [205], smart materials [206][207][208][209][210][211] (magnetorheological fluids, piezoelectric micro actuators, shape memory alloys), carbon-based materials [212][213][214][215][216][217][218] (such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene-based materials exhibiting strong electrical properties). The new goals of the research could be to apply AI to enable the control of fluidity and of conductivity, switching circuit logics, the control of material detection (NP movement/orientation, NP activation), and the calibration of circuit sensitivity.…”