Actuarial Aging Rate Is Not Constant within the Human Life Span

Ekonomov, A L; Rudd, Charles L.; Lomakin, Aleksey J.

doi:10.1159/000213008

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This deterioration of homeostasis with advancing age might be the cause of reduction in reserve capacities, increased vulnerability and the loss of adaptability to meet stresses of the environment (Comfort, 1968;Comfort, 1969;Adelman, 1979). Our findings support the previous results reported by Ekonomov et al (1989) using Gompertz function, indicating that the rate of aging is not constant within the human life span. Valid biomarkers of aging should have high correlations with mortality (Masoro, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Due to a lack of availability of longitudinal data as well as non-established criterion to identify significant biomarkers of aging, there is little consensus among researchers concerning BA estimation in humans. Recently, longitudinal human aging studies have reported that age-related change is not uniform (Ekonomov et al, 1989;Fozard et al, 1990). There is no clear pattern across all physiological systems.…”

Section: Biomarkers Of Aging In Women and The Rate Of Longitudinal Chmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Biomarkers of Aging in Women and the Rate of Longitudinal Changes.

Ueno

Yamashita

Moritani

et al. 2003

J. Physiol. Anthropol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purposes of this study were 1) to estimate biological age score (BAS) in Japanese healthy women based on the 4-7 years longitudinal data for physiological, hematological and biochemical examinations and 2) to examine the rate of aging changes in adult women based on the estimated BAS. The samples consisted of cross-sectional (nϭ981) and longitudinal (nϭ110) groups. Out of 31 variables examined, five variables (forced expiratory volume in 1.0 s, systolic blood pressure, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, glucose, albumin/globulin ratio) that met the following criteria: 1) significant cross-sectional correlation with age; 2) significant longitudinal change in the same direction as the cross-sectional correlation; and 3) assessment of redundancy, were selected as candidate biomarkers of aging. This variable set was then submitted into a principal component analysis, and the first principal component obtained from this analysis was used as an equation for assessing one's BAS. Individual BAS showed a high longitudinal stability of age-related changes, suggesting high predictive validity of our newly developed aging measurement equation. However, changes in the aging rate based on the estimated BAS were not constant. The mean slopes of the regression lines of BAS for the three age groups (ageϽ45, 45ϹageϽ65 yrs, 65Ϲage) were 0.095, 0.065, 0.138, respectively. One-way analysis of variance detected a significant difference (Fϭ5.14, pϽ0.01) among the three age groups. These results suggest that the rate of aging in adult women is relatively slower until 65 years of age, but after 65, the rate of aging shows a rapid increase. We concluded that the longitudinal method used for selection of variables to compute the BAS was useful and theoretically valid compared to those obtained from cross-sectional data analysis.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Biomarkers Of Aging In Women and The Rate Of Longitudinal Chmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of Aging in Women and the Rate of Longitudinal Changes.

Ueno

Yamashita

Moritani

et al. 2003

J. Physiol. Anthropol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…First, early studies were limited in historical coverage and, in particular, lacked the most recent data. As a result, they could not capture the changes in dynamics across time (Ekonomov et al 1989; Himes et al 1994; Horiuchi 1983; Horiuchi and Coale 1990; Pakin and Hrisanov 1984). Second, although a recent study by Milne (2007) covered longer periods, the analysis relied on a qualitative comparison of mortality shapes between two discrete age bands rather than a quantitative analysis of continuous changes in mortality with age.…”

Section: Patterns Of Mortality Increase In Late-middle and Early-old Agementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers have generally observed that a leveling off of the mortality rate at very old ages (later than age 85)—the so-called old-age plateau—would directly follow the exponential increase (Carey and Liedo 1995; Horiuchi and Wilmoth 1998; Vaupel et al 1998), although controversy remains regarding the age to which the Gompertz law can be extended (Gavrilov and Gavrilova 2011). However, a relatively subtle but systematic deviation from the law between late-middle and early-old ages (50–70) was identified in a few studies, which found that the rate of mortality increase became either faster or slower than the predicted exponentially increasing trajectory (Ekonomov et al 1989; Himes et al 1994; Horiuchi 1983, 1997; Horiuchi and Coale 1990; Horiuchi and Wilmoth 1998; Milne 2007; Pakin and Hrisanov 1984). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality Increase in Late-Middle and Early-Old Age: Heterogeneity in Death Processes as a New Explanation

Yang²,

Anderson

2013

Demography

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Deviations from the Gompertz law of exponential mortality increases in late-middle and early-old age are commonly neglected in overall mortality analyses. In this study, we examined mortality increase patterns between ages 40 and 85 in 16 low-mortality countries and demonstrated sex differences in these patterns, which also changed across period and cohort. These results suggest that the interaction between aging and death is more complicated than what is usually assumed from the Gompertz law and also challenge existing biodemographic hypotheses about the origin and mechanisms of sex differences in mortality. We propose a two-mortality model that explains these patterns as the change in the composition of intrinsic and extrinsic death rates with age. We show that the age pattern of overall mortality and the population heterogeneity therein are possibly generated by multiple dynamics specified by a two-mortality model instead of a uniform process throughout most adult ages.

show abstract

“…Thus, human life expectancy does not adhere to Gompertz's law of mortality after age 30 (Ekonomov et al 1989;Pakin and Hrisanov 1984). However, life expectancy may be calculated starting with agespecific death rates and used statistically to summarize the health status of populations or groups (Lee and Carter 1992).…”

Section: Aging and Nutrient Intakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research is needed to assess the unique nutrition and wellness needs of aging Californians

Blackburn¹,

Gillogy²,

Hauselt³

2008

Cal Ag

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

M ore than 50 years ago, the World Health Organization redefined health as more than merely the absence of disease, expanding it to include the physical, mental and social well-being of populations (Damron-Rodriquez et al. 2005). One of the goals of the National Guidelines for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (the "Healthy People 2010" report published in January 2000 by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) was to "extend the years of 'healthy life' in a physical, mental and social context" (US DHHS 2000).The number of older Americans is projected to double by 2030, and one in nine baby boomers is expected to live until age 90. This will place tremendous demands on retirement income, and health and social services. The rapid expansion of the population 65 years and older has already had an economic impact on health-care budgets at all levels. The greatest use of the health-care system occurs during the last years of life (Chernoff 2001), and health experts have projected that at least 7 years of one's life will be spent in ill health (Economist 2000). The health-care expenditures of those over 65, who make up about 13% of the U.S. population, account for at least 30% of the nation's annual health-care costs. Hospital use by people over 65 is about three times that of younger people, and individuals in this group fill the majority of beds in skilled-care facilities (Weimer 1998).The Institute of Medicine (2002) has called for a public health approach to promote the conditions under which people can be healthy, emphasizing health rather than disease, being proactive rather than reactive, and focusing on populations rather than individuals (Wallace 2005).This report puts into context the status of research and development on the nutrition and wellness needs of aging Americans, particularly in California. It helps establish a framework in which UC Cooperative Extension (UCCE) priorities for applied research, and nutrition and wellness education for the elderly, can be reassessed. We used data from the 2001 U.S. Census and the 2001 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) (Wallace et al. 2003) to show the status of major chronic-disease conditions among older Californians. We also conducted a literature review of scientific research on how physiological factors contribute to the nutrition and wellness status of seniors. Healthy aging becomes a necessityThe percentage of elders in California is growing faster than the rest of the country (Aldwin and Gilmer 2001). California's population of seniors 65 and over is about 4.1 million, or 11.2% of the total population, and county proportions vary (US Census Bureau 2010). The ethnic composition of seniors 65 and older is about 16% white, 10%Research is needed to assess the unique nutrition and wellness needs of aging Californians A public health approach to aging would promote the conditions under which people can be healthy, with emphasis on increasing wellness rather than preventing disease. Asian/Pacific Islander, 8% black, 7% American Indian, and ...

show abstract

Actuarial Aging Rate Is Not Constant within the Human Life Span

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Biomarkers of Aging in Women and the Rate of Longitudinal Changes.

Biomarkers of Aging in Women and the Rate of Longitudinal Changes.

Mortality Increase in Late-Middle and Early-Old Age: Heterogeneity in Death Processes as a New Explanation

Research is needed to assess the unique nutrition and wellness needs of aging Californians

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About