Actual Quality Changes in Natural Resource and Gas Grid Use in Prospective Hydrogen Technology Roll-Out in the World and Russia

Abstract

About 95% of current hydrogen production uses technologies involving primary fossil resources. A minor part is synthesized by low-carbon and close-to-zero-carbon-footprint methods using RESs. The significant expansion of low-carbon hydrogen energy is considered to be a part of the “green transition” policies taking over in technologically leading countries. Projects of hydrogen synthesis from natural gas with carbon capture for subsequent export to European and Asian regions poor in natural resources are considered promising by fossil-rich countries. Quality changes in natural resource use and gas grids will include (1) previously developed scientific groundwork and production facilities for hydrogen energy to stimulate the use of existing natural gas grids for hydrogen energy transport projects; (2) existing infrastructure for gas filling stations in China and Russia to allow the expansion of hydrogen-fuel-cell vehicles (HFCVs) using typical “mini-plant” projects of hydrogen synthesis using methane conversion technology; (3) feasibility testing for different hydrogen synthesis plants at medium and large scales using fossil resources (primarily natural gas), water and atomic energy. The results of this study will help focus on the primary tasks for quality changes in natural resource and gas grid use. Investments made and planned in hydrogen energy are assessed.

Optimized Scheduling of Integrated Energy Systems Accounting for Hydrogen Energy Multi-Utilization Models

“…The scheduling method developed in this paper holds significant value for the operation of Integrated Energy Systems (IES) in regions where power infrastructure is weak but renewable energy sources such as wind energy are abundant. The research findings are supported by references [19,20,23]. Utilizing hydrogen as an energy coupling hub optimizes the economic efficiency and low-carbon characteristics of the overall IES operation.…”

“…Natural gas possesses a significant potential for decarbonization. The decarbonization of the natural gas sector can be tackled with the use of green hydrogen blended with natural gas [19,20]. ENEA, the Italian national research center, published a report stating that, in an HCNG blend with 20% hydrogen content, there was a 7% effective reduction in carbon emissions.…”

Review of Hydrogen Storage Technologies and the Crucial Role of Environmentally Friendly Carriers

“…These measures include financial support, tax incentives, subsidies, and preferential loans. 150 For instance, governments can establish special funds to support basic research and key technological breakthroughs in hydrogen storage technology. At the same time, tax breaks and subsidy policies can be implemented to encourage enterprises to invest in the industrialization and market application of hydrogen storage technology.…”

“…156 At the same time, the development of industry standards also needs to consider international standards and regulations, promote cooperation and communication between countries, and drive the development and application of hydrogen storage technology globally. 150 In conclusion, the development of hydrogen storage technology has had a significant impact on energy policies and industry standards, leading to regulatory challenges and the need for the formulation of safety standards. By promoting research and development as well as the application of hydrogen storage technology through policy incentives, it contributes to optimizing the energy structure and transitioning toward a low-carbon economy.…”

“…Here are some improvement measures to mitigate environmental impact: Improve energy efficiency: Develop more efficient hydrogen storage technologies to reduce energy consumption during production and implementation processes. For example, by improving compression and liquefaction techniques to reduce energy consumption, as well as optimizing the preparation and regeneration processes of adsorption materials to enhance energy utilization efficiency. , Utilization of renewable energy: Utilize renewable energy as much as possible during hydrogen compression, liquefaction, and regeneration processes to reduce carbon footprint. Establish integrated systems for combining hydrogen energy with renewable energy sources, such as combining solar and wind energy with electrolysis for hydrogen production. , Material recycling and reuse: Establish a comprehensive material recycling system to ensure that materials from hydrogen storage equipment can be reused.…”