Actual European forest management by region, tree species and owner based on 714,000 re-measured trees in national forest inventories

Schelhaas, M.J.; Fridman, Jonas; Hengeveld, G.M.; Henttonen, Helena M.; Lehtonen, Aleksi; Kies, Uwe; Krajnc, Nike; Lerink, Bas; Dhubháin, Áiné Ní; Polley, H. Wayne; Pugh, Thomas A. M.; Redmond, John; Rohner, Brigitte; Temperli, Christian; Vayreda, Jordi; Nabuurs, G.J.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0207151

Cited by 49 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Until recently, European forests have been extensively exploited and forest management is still widespread, particularly in the Scandinavian countries (Schelhaas et al, 2018). Although we removed the direct effects of management in our study (i.e.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similar patterns of background mortality across Europe are mostly driven by drought in European beech and a combination of drought and competition in Scots pine

Archambeau

Ruiz‐Benito

Ratcliffe

et al. 2019

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Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE) for making permanent sample plot data from the Finnish NFI available, the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences for making the Swedish NFI data available. We thank Georges Kunstler for his help in developing the models and the Forest Ecology and Restoration group of the University of Alcalá. We also thank Frédéric Barraquand for the discussions about the model equations. BIOSKETCHThe authors' research is focused on functional trait ecology and global change, with special attention to mortality and demography processes. The authors use modelling multidisciplinary approaches to understand complex processes in ecology on a large geographical scale. 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 BLINDED MAIN TEXT FILE TITLE Similar patterns of background mortality across Europe are mostly driven by drought in European beech and a combination of drought and competition in Scots pine.Running title: range-wide tree mortality patterns. ABSTRACT AimBackground tree mortality is a complex demographic process that affects forest structure and longterm dynamics. We aimed to test how drought intensity interacts with interspecific and intraspecific competition (or facilitation) in shaping individual mortality patterns across tree species ranges. LocationEuropean latitudinal gradient (Spain to Finland). Time period -2014. Major taxa studiedScots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). MethodsWe performed logistic regression models based on individual tree mortality recorded in five European National Forest Inventories. We computed the relative importance of climatic drought intensity, basal area of conspecific and heterospecific trees (proxy of indirect intra-and interspecific competition or facilitation) and the effects of their interactions on mortality along the latitudinal gradient of both species range.

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Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similar patterns of background mortality across Europe are mostly driven by drought in European beech and a combination of drought and competition in Scots pine

Archambeau

Ruiz‐Benito

Ratcliffe

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Accurately representing the effect of forest management across the globe, such as recently developed for Europe (McGrath et al, 2015), will be crucial to simulating current PFT distributions and other forest properties for the right reasons. Combining satellite landcover with inventory data will better capture forest management practices along with finer details of PFT distributions that elude current landcover classifications (Schelhaas et al, 2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

Understanding the uncertainty in global forest carbon turnover

Pugh¹,

Rademacher²,

Shafer³

et al. 2020

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The length of time that carbon remains in forest biomass is one of the largest uncertainties in the global carbon cycle, with both recent-historical baselines and future responses to environmental change poorly constrained by available observations. In the absence of large-scale observations, models tend to fall back on simplified assumptions of the turnover rates of biomass and soil carbon pools to make global assessments. In this study, the biomass carbon turnover times calculated by an ensemble of contemporary terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) are analysed to assess their current capability to 40 accurately estimate biomass carbon turnover times in forests and how these times are anticipated to change in the future.Modelled baseline 1985-2014 global forest biomass turnover times vary from 12.2 to 23.5 years between models. TBM differences in phenological processes, which control allocation to and turnover rate of leaves and fine roots, are as important as tree mortality with regard to explaining the variation in total turnover among TBMs. The different governing mechanisms exhibited by each TBM result in a wide range of plausible turnover time projections for the end of the century. Based on these 45 simulations, it is not possible to draw robust conclusions regarding likely future changes in turnover time for different regions.Both spatial and temporal uncertainty in turnover time are strongly linked to model assumptions concerning plant functional type distributions and their controls. Twelve model-based hypotheses are identified, along with recommendations for pragmatic steps to test them using existing and novel observations, which would help to reduce both spatial and temporal uncertainty in turnover time. Efforts to resolve uncertainty in turnover time will need to address both mortality and 50 establishment components of forest demography, as well as key drivers of demography such as allocation of carbon to woody versus non-woody biomass growth.

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“…Although we excluded plots with evidence of harvesting between the two surveys to fit the survival functions, most European forests are subject to management, which has a strong impact on population dynamics (Schelhaas et al 2018). Harvesting of dying or damaged trees is probably resulting in an underestimation of the natural mortality rate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic performance of European tree species at their hot and cold climatic edges

Künstler

Guyennon

Ratcliffe

et al. 2019

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21Species range limits are thought to result from a decline in demographic performance because 22 of unsuitable climate at the edges. However, recent studies reporting contradictory patterns in 23 tree species demographic performance at their edges cast doubt on our ability to predict climate 24 change impacts on species ranges. Here we parameterised integral projection models with climate 25 and competition effects for 27 tree species using forest inventory data from over 90,000 plots across 26 1 Europe. Then, we predicted growth, survival, lifespan, and passage time -the time to grow to a 27 large size -at the hot and cold edges and compared them to the range centre. We found that while 28 growth and passage time of European tree species are constrained at their cold edge, survival 29 and lifespan are constrained at their hot edge. Our study shows a more complicated picture than 30 previously thought with demographic responses that differ between hot and cold edges. 31 Keywords: "demography, IPM, passage time, vitale rate, range edge" 32 33Increasing concerns have emerged regarding potential major redistributions of plant species ranges 35 in the coming decades due to climate change (Zimmermann et al. 2013). Indeed, some studies 36 have confirmed that these range shifts are already underway (Chen et al. 2011). Range shifts are 37 directly related to changes in demographic rates and population dynamics. Demographic theories 38 propose that if populations are at equilibrium, mean population growth rate (λ) will drop at the 39 species' range edge (λ < 1) due to alterations in one or more vital rates contributing to λ (Case et 40 al. 2005; Holt & Keitt 2005). This prediction is grounded in a long-standing hypothesis in biogeog-41 raphy, known as the 'abundance-centre hypothesis' (hereafter ACH, Brown 1984), which proposes 42 that demographic performance decline at the range edge results in a decrease in abundance. This 43 decline in demographic performance can arise directly because of abiotic constraints (e.g. frost) 44 or indirectly because of changes in biotic constraints (e.g. competition) (Hargreaves et al. 2014; 45 Pironon et al. 2017). 46The number of studies that have directly tested the ACH with field data on population growth 47 rates, and the vital rates that contribute to them, at the centre and the edge of species range is sur-48 prisingly limited. Nonetheless, these studies showed only weak or contradictory support for the 49 ACH. Transplant experiments have shown that population growth rate or some vital rates tend 50 to decline beyond the edge but not necessarily right at the edge (Hargreaves et al. 2014; Lee-Yaw 51 et al. 2016). For long-lived organisms such as trees, their generation time rules out transplant ex-52periments that would cover their full life cycle. Rather, researchers have to rely on models based 53 2 on natural population monitoring data (see Purves 2009). Only a few studies have used this ap-54 proach over the full species range and they found no clear evidence of a de...

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Actual European forest management by region, tree species and owner based on 714,000 re-measured trees in national forest inventories

Cited by 49 publications

References 47 publications

Similar patterns of background mortality across Europe are mostly driven by drought in European beech and a combination of drought and competition in Scots pine

Similar patterns of background mortality across Europe are mostly driven by drought in European beech and a combination of drought and competition in Scots pine

Understanding the uncertainty in global forest carbon turnover

Demographic performance of European tree species at their hot and cold climatic edges

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