Actovegin Equals to Performance Enhancing Drug Doping: Fact or Fiction?

Lee, Paul Y F; Kwan, Alan Shu Khen; Smith, Paul M.; Brock, James W.; Nokes, Leonard Derek Martin

doi:10.4172/2157-7552.1000179

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Actovegin ® has also been shown to produce promising results in clinical applications. In a study of injured professional footballers, Lee et al [24] reported that Actovegin ® therapy reduced the return to play by eight days compared to physical therapy alone. However, in the current study, Actovegin ® was not beneficial at any stage of cartilage healing, and no significant difference was found compared to the control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo study of the role of hyaluronic acid, N-acetyl cysteine, and deproteinized calf serum on injury-induced cartilage degeneration

Özdemir

Birinci

Haberal³

et al. 2022

Jt Dis Relat Surg

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Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the effects of hyaluronic acid (HA), N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), and deproteinized calf serum on cartilage healing after the creation of traumatic cartilage injury in a rat model. Materials and methods A total of 48 rats, each weighing an average of 350 g, were randomly separated into four groups of 12. An osteochondral defect was created, 2-mm-wide and 3-mm deep in each rat. Injections were made to the knees of the rats as saline solution in Group 1, deproteinized calf serum in Group 2, NAC in Group 3, and HA in Group 4. At the end of 12 weeks, all rats were sacrificed and tissues were evaluated histologically. Results The HA group had a better cell morphology, tissue morphology, surface architecture, and vascularity than the other groups (p<0.001). Matrix staining, chondrocyte clustering, and the assessment scores of the mid, deep, superficial zones, and overall were higher in the HA group than in the other groups (p<0.001). The NAC showed a better tissue morphology, cell morphology, and vascularity than the control group (p=0.003, p<0.001, and p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion Hyaluronic acid was the most effective agent in cartilage healing compared to NAC and deproteinized calf serum. In addition, the NAC was more effective compared to the control group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo study of the role of hyaluronic acid, N-acetyl cysteine, and deproteinized calf serum on injury-induced cartilage degeneration

Özdemir

Birinci

Haberal³

et al. 2022

Jt Dis Relat Surg

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“…Before the daily replacement of the vaginal stent, cream with free protein extract of calf blood was used. This promotes oxidative metabolism and shifts the redox-balance of cells to produce more oxidized substrates, leading to a faster healing [26]. The mean length of the neovagina was 10.4 cm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaginal Reconstruction in Patients with Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser Syndrome—One Centre Experience

et al. 2020

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Background and Objectives: The Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome is a congenital condition in which patients are born with vaginal and uterus agenesis, affecting the ability to have a normal sexual life and to bear children. Vaginal reconstruction is a challenging procedure for plastic surgeons. The aim of this study is to report our experience in the management of twelve patients with congenital absence of the vagina due to the MRKH syndrome. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective study on 12 patients admitted to the Plastic Surgery Department of the Clinical Emergency Hospital “Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu”, Bucharest, Romania, for vaginal reconstruction within a period of eleven years (January 2009–December 2019). All patients were diagnosed by the gynaecologists with vaginal agenesis, as part of the Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome. The Abbe‘–McIndoe technique with an autologous skin graft was performed in all cases. Results: The average age of our patients was 20.16 (16–28) years. All patients were 46 XX. The average surgical timing was 3.05 h (range 2.85–4h). Postoperative rectovaginal fistula was encountered in 1 patient. Postoperative average vaginal length was 10.4 cm (range 9.8–12.1 cm). Regular sexual life was achieved in 10 patients. Conclusion: Nowadays, there is no established standard method of vaginal reconstruction. In Romania, the McIndoe technique is the most applied. Unfortunately, even if the MRKH syndrome is not uncommon, less and less surgeons are willing to perform the procedure to create a neovagina.

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Update on the Role of Actovegin in Musculoskeletal Medicine: A Review of the Past 10 Years

Brock

Golding

Smith

et al. 2020

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine

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Current literature is still yet to define the active compound(s) of Actovegin, but suggests that it shows antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties, and may also upregulate macrophage responses central to muscle repair. Clinical efficacy was supported by one new original research article, and the use of Actovegin to treat muscle injuries remains safe and supported. Two articles argued the ergogenic effect of Actovegin, but in vitro findings did not to translate to the outcomes of a clinical trial. An adequate and meaningful scientific approach remains difficult in a field where there is immense pressure to deliver cutting-edge therapies.

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Actovegin Equals to Performance Enhancing Drug Doping: Fact or Fiction?

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

In vivo study of the role of hyaluronic acid, N-acetyl cysteine, and deproteinized calf serum on injury-induced cartilage degeneration

In vivo study of the role of hyaluronic acid, N-acetyl cysteine, and deproteinized calf serum on injury-induced cartilage degeneration

Vaginal Reconstruction in Patients with Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser Syndrome—One Centre Experience

Update on the Role of Actovegin in Musculoskeletal Medicine: A Review of the Past 10 Years

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