“…Projected depletion and rising carbon footprint associated with the use of fossil resources coupled with rising energy demands have sparked the production of fuels and chemicals from biomass. , Several thermal and biochemical processes have been developed to valorize biomass residues as carbon-neutral resources. ,, Fast pyrolysis to convert lignocellulosic biomass into bio-based energy and chemicals has gained significant attention, due to its advantages of processing many types of biomass feedstocks into energy-dense liquid and solid intermediates for further energetic or chemical use. ,− Fast pyrolysis decomposes lignocellulosic biomass at temperatures of around 500 °C in an inert environment to produce fast pyrolysis bio-oil (FPBO), char (containing inorganics), and non-condensable gases, each of which can be used for fuel and chemical applications. ,,− By pyrolysis, up to 75 wt % initial dry biomass can be converted into FPBO. , FPBO is a complex product as a mixture of numerous compounds that include organic acids, ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, furans, phenols, hydro-sugars, and other oxygenates as well as water. ,,− Due to its complex nature, FPBO may be separated into various fractions to tailor its quality for specific applications . Methods employed for the fractionation of FPBO include but are not limited to centrifugation, extraction, liquid chromatography, molecular distillation, and fractional condensation. ,, Centrifugation, extraction, and liquid chromatography, although proven to be effective in separating FPBO, are expensive and impractical at industrial scales. ,,, Molecular distillation is discouraged as oxygenated compounds in FPBO become highly reactive during heating and may polymerize into coke (solid carbonaceous residue). ,,,,, …”