Activity of N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase and its isoenzymes A and B in cancer

Choromańska, Barbara; Luto, M; Szajda, SD; Waszkiewicz, Napoleon; Kępka, Alina; Janica, Jerzy; Ładny, Jerzy Robert; Dadan, Jacek; Myśliwiec, Piotr; Zwierz, Krzysztof

doi:10.5604/17322693.966833

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…It is evident in cancer metastasis that the level of serum β-hexosaminidase correlates with the likeliness of liver metastasis in variety of cancers, including colon, breast, stomach, pancreas, small bowel, kidney, testis, melanoma, lymphoma, and myeloma ( 108 ). Increased levels of tissue β-hexosaminidase were also reported for breast, kidney, pancreas, thyroid, colon, ovary, brain, salivary gland, stomach, and larynx cancers ( 109 – 112 ). Thus, it is conceivable by analogy that amebic glycosidases are involved in tissue invasion and extraintestinal dissemination.…”

Section: Strategies For Immune Evasion Of E Histolyticamentioning

confidence: 81%

Immune Response of Amebiasis and Immune Evasion by Entamoeba histolytica

Nakada‐Tsukui

Nozaki

2016

Front. Immunol.

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Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite and the causative agent of amebiasis. It is estimated approximately 1% of humans are infected with E. histolytica, resulting in an estimate of 100,000 deaths annually. Clinical manifestations of amebic infection range widely from asymptomatic to severe symptoms, including dysentery and extra-intestinal abscesses. Like other infectious diseases, it is assumed that only ~20% of infected individuals develop symptoms, and genetic factors of both the parasite and humans as well as the environmental factors, e.g., microbiota, determine outcome of infection. There are multiple essential steps in amebic infection: degradation of and invasion into the mucosal layer, adherence to the intestinal epithelium, invasion into the tissues, and dissemination to other organs. While the mechanisms of invasion and destruction of the host tissues by the amebae during infection have been elucidated at the molecular levels, it remains largely uncharacterized how the parasite survive in the host by evading and attacking host immune system. Recently, the strategies for immune evasion by the parasite have been unraveled, including immunomodulation to suppress IFN-γ production, elimination of immune cells and soluble immune mediators, and metabolic alterations against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to fend off the attack from immune system. In this review, we summarized the latest knowledge on immune reaction and immune evasion during amebiasis.

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Section: Strategies For Immune Evasion Of E Histolyticamentioning

confidence: 81%

Immune Response of Amebiasis and Immune Evasion by Entamoeba histolytica

Nakada‐Tsukui

Nozaki

2016

Front. Immunol.

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“…Their activity is also high in other cancers, such as thyroid, renal, pancreatic, ovarian, as well as such diseases as idiopathic arthritis hypertension, glomerulonephritis or following liver transplantation. [43][44][45][46] Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity is higher in colorectal cancer and increases gradually from normal, through adenomatous, to cancerous. It has been shown that ODC activity in microscopically normal colon tissue from patients with CRC is higher than in the normal colon of patients without CRC.…”

Section: Hematopoietic Growth Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Biochemical Markers of Colorectal Cancer – Present and Future</p>

Jelski¹,

Mroczko²

2020

CMAR

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According to a report by the National Cancer Institute, colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. CRC is often recognized too late for successful therapy. Tumor markers have been sought for a number of years to detect the transformation of malignant cells at the earliest possible stage. They are usually proteins associated with a malignancy and might be clinically useful in patients with cancer. Several classical markers have been used to recognize colorectal cancer, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA 19.9), tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS) and tumor-associated glycoprotein-72 (TAG-72). None of these tests, however, have excellent diagnostic accuracy. Recent studies have been conducted on the use of hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) and various enzymes in the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer. These include macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and granulocytemacrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-3, interleukin-6 and enzymes (alcohol dehydrogenase and lysosomal exoglycosidases). Significantly, most cancer deaths are not caused by the primary tumor itself but by its spread. Analysis of circulating cancer cells (CTCs), ie, factors responsible for metastasis, may be a source of information useful in the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer. Currently available markers have significant limitations.

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“…The presence of HEX was found in the kidneys, spleen, liver [ 17 , 18 ], gastric mucosa, the mucous membrane of the intestine, cerebral cortex, skin fibroblasts, placenta, and lungs [ 19 , 20 ], in cancerous tissues, including in cancer tissues of the liver, pancreas [ 21 ], and a large intestine [ 22 ]. HEX was also determined in body fluids: serum, urine [ 23 , 24 , 25 ], in cerebrospinal fluid, in synovial fluid [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ], in the saliva [ 30 ], as well as in many other tissues and human organs [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Activity of N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase in the Blood, Urine, Cerebrospinal Fluid and Vitreous Humor Died People Due to Alcohol Intoxication

Ptaszyńska-Sarosiek

Chojnowska

Szajda

et al. 2020

JCM

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Background: The article aimed to assess the activity of the hexosaminidase (HEX) and its HEX A and HEX B isoenzymes in persons who suddenly died due to ethanol poisoning and explain the cause of their death. Methods: The research involved two groups of the deceased group A—22 people (20 males, 2 females; the average age 46 years) who died due to alcohol intoxication (with the blood alcohol content of 4‰ and above in all biological materials at the time of death—blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and vitreous humor), and group B—30 people (22 males, 8 females; the average age 54 years), who died suddenly due to other reasons than alcohol. Results: The highest activity of the HEX was found in the serum of A and B groups. A significantly lower activity of HEX, HEX A, and HEX B was observed in the urine of group A in comparison to the sober decedents. Conclusion: The lower activity of HEX and its isoenzymes in the dead’s urine due to ethanol poisoning may suggest its usefulness as a potential marker of harmful alcohol drinking. Damage done to the kidneys by ethanol poisoning may be one of the possible mechanisms leading to death. Kidneys may be damaged intravitally via the inflammatory agent. Thus, it is necessary to conduct further research to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of exoglycosidases while determining the death mechanisms of people who lost their lives due to ethanol poisoning.

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Activity of N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase and its isoenzymes A and B in cancer

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Immune Response of Amebiasis and Immune Evasion by Entamoeba histolytica

Immune Response of Amebiasis and Immune Evasion by Entamoeba histolytica

<p>Biochemical Markers of Colorectal Cancer – Present and Future</p>

The Activity of N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase in the Blood, Urine, Cerebrospinal Fluid and Vitreous Humor Died People Due to Alcohol Intoxication

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