Activity of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, spectroscopic and chromatographic characterization of biodiesel: A review

Tariq, Muhammad; Ali, Saqib; Khalid, Nasir

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2012.07.005

Cited by 228 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…The heterogeneous catalyst does not dissolve in the reacting chemical which makes it easier to separate and reusable [43]. The heterogeneous catalyst offers several benefits such as non-corrosive, easy separation and longer catalyst life [44,45]. In heterogeneous catalyst such as Ca, Na, Mg and K which are usually prepared in the form of millimetric spherical particles and nanostructure material which increases the surface area of catalyst as well as the catalytic activities.…”

Section: Heterogeneous Catalyst Derived From Biomass For the Productimentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancement in the Utilization of Nanocatalyst for Transesterification of Triglycerides

Kumar¹,

Sharma²,

Srivastava³

et al. 2018

JNST

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Section: Heterogeneous Catalyst Derived From Biomass For the Productimentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancement in the Utilization of Nanocatalyst for Transesterification of Triglycerides

Kumar¹,

Sharma²,

Srivastava³

et al. 2018

JNST

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“…However, the use of these feedstocks increased the price of production. Therefore, the low-quality oils such as used frying oils has been recently considered as the most potential raw material for the production of biodiesel in previous years [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of Magnesium Hydroxide Fluorides for Production of Biodiesel: Influence of Different Mg/F Ratios

Indrayanah¹,

Ediati²,

Hartanto³

et al. 2018

Asian J. Chem.

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The magnesium hydroxide fluorides having formula MgFx(OH)2-x with diverse Mg/F ratios were prepared by fluorolytic sol-gel method. The XRD, FT-IR, SEM, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, TG/DTG and pyridine FT-IR were performed to study properties and characteristics of samples. Based on the characterization results, the samples show dissimilar structure, thermal stability, porosity, surface acidity and morphology. In addition, the average pore diameter and total pore volume of the MgFx(OH)2-x decrease with increase in fluorine contents. The activity of solids as heterogeneous catalyst for production of biodiesel from used frying oil exhibits that MgFx(OH)2-x with Mg/F ratio of 1:2 gives higher yield of biodiesel (75.29 %) compared to MgFx(OH)2-x (x < 2). The higher activity of MgFx(OH)2-x (x = 2) catalyst for biodiesel production can be attributed to acid sites (Lewis and Brønsted), average pore diameter and total pore volume. Moreover, performance of catalyst decreases after three cycles.

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“…However, the utilization of this catalyst possesses several drawbacks, i.e. difficult to separate catalyst with reaction products and saponification reaction was easy to occured [3]. To overcome this drawbacks, in this research, biodiesel will be produced using heterogeneous base catalyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several parameters influencing biodiesel production are water content, free fatty acid content, alcohol concentration, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time [3,11]. Researchers can determine optimum condition for the reaction by manipulating those parameters to obtain good quality and economical biodiesel product.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of solid catalyst from egg shell waste and clay for biodiesel production

Setiadji

Sundari

Munir

et al. 2018

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Abstract. Until now, energy consumption in Indonesia is almost entirely fulfilled by fossil fuels, thus, its availability will be limited and continue to decrease. To overcome these problems, development and utilization of renewable energy are required, one of which is biodiesel. Biodiesel can be prepared through transesterification reaction of vegetable oil using catalyst. In this research, a solid catalyst for biodiesel synthesis was prepared from chicken egg shell waste and clay. Optimization of the transesterification reaction of coconut (Cocos nucifera) oil to obtain biodiesel was also carried out. The formation of CaO/kaolin catalyst was confirmed based on the results of XRD and SEM-EDS. This catalyst is suitable for biodiesel synthesis from vegetable oils with lower FFA (free fatty acid) levels, i.e. coconut oil with FFA level of 0.18%. Based on FTIR result, FFA level and flame tests, it was found that biodiesel was successfully formed. Synthesis of biodiesel has the optimum conditions on reaction time of 16 hours and temperature of 64°C, with oil: methanol ratio of 1: 15 and CaO/kaolin catalyst concentration of 0.9% in a reflux system.

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Activity of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, spectroscopic and chromatographic characterization of biodiesel: A review

Cited by 228 publications

References 126 publications

Advancement in the Utilization of Nanocatalyst for Transesterification of Triglycerides

Advancement in the Utilization of Nanocatalyst for Transesterification of Triglycerides

Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of Magnesium Hydroxide Fluorides for Production of Biodiesel: Influence of Different Mg/F Ratios

Synthesis of solid catalyst from egg shell waste and clay for biodiesel production

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