Activity of Gallidermin on Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilms

Saising, Jongkon; Dube, Linda; Ziebandt, Anne-Kathrin; Voravuthikunchai, Supayang Piyawan; Nega, Mulugeta; Götz, Friedrich

doi:10.1128/aac.01296-12

Cited by 122 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Murein hydrolase profiles were analyzed by zymogram (12,13). Antimicrobial agents at 10ϫ MIC were added to mid-exponential-phase JE2 cells in 15 ml Trypticase soy broth (TSB), and the cells were cultivated for an additional 4 h. Cultures were centrifuged and supernatants and cells were collected separately.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Targeting of Cell Wall Precursors by Teixobactin Leads to Cell Lysis

Homma

Nuxoll

Gandt

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Teixobactin represents the first member of a newly discovered class of antibiotics that act through inhibition of cell wall synthesis. Teixobactin binds multiple bactoprenol-coupled cell wall precursors, inhibiting both peptidoglycan and teichoic acid synthesis. Here, we show that the impressive bactericidal activity of teixobactin is due to the synergistic inhibition of both targets, resulting in cell wall damage, delocalization of autolysins, and subsequent cell lysis. We also find that teixobactin does not bind mature peptidoglycan, further increasing its activity at high cell densities and against vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) isolates with thickened peptidoglycan layers. These findings add to the attractiveness of teixobactin as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of infection caused by antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive pathogens.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Targeting of Cell Wall Precursors by Teixobactin Leads to Cell Lysis

Homma

Nuxoll

Gandt

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…In one instance, the lantibiotic gallidermin and the wellstudied biofilm-forming S. aureus SA113 and S. epidermidis O47 strains were the subjects of investigation (166). When gallidermin was used at MICs determined with planktonic cells, cells treated with gallidermin were completely unable to form a biofilm.…”

Section: Other Resistance Elements Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was particularly notable that the transcription levels of a gene involved in primary adhesion (the major autolysin gene atl) and another involved in exopolysaccharide production (the intercellular adhesin gene ica) were significantly decreased in the presence of gallidermin. In contrast, when biofilm-associated staphylococci were treated with 8ϫ MIC of gallidermin, the number of CFU was decreased 3 log in 24-h biofilms and only 1 to 2 log in 5-day biofilms (166). The activity of the two-peptide lantibiotic lacticin 3147 against S. mutans in biofilms has also been tested.…”

Section: Other Resistance Elements Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lantibiotic Resistance

Draper

Cotter

Hill

et al. 2015

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

132

129

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SUMMARY The dramatic rise in the incidence of antibiotic resistance demands that new therapeutic options will have to be developed. One potentially interesting class of antimicrobials are the modified bacteriocins termed lantibiotics, which are bacterially produced, posttranslationally modified, lanthionine/methyllanthionine-containing peptides. It is interesting that low levels of resistance have been reported for lantibiotics compared with commercial antibiotics. Given that there are very few examples of naturally occurring lantibiotic resistance, attempts have been made to deliberately induce resistance phenotypes in order to investigate this phenomenon. Mechanisms that hinder the action of lantibiotics are often innate systems that react to the presence of any cationic peptides/proteins or ones which result from cell well damage, rather than being lantibiotic specific. Such resistance mechanisms often arise due to altered gene regulation following detection of antimicrobials/cell wall damage by sensory proteins at the membrane. This facilitates alterations to the cell wall or changes in the composition of the membrane. Other general forms of resistance include the formation of spores or biofilms, which are a common mechanistic response to many classes of antimicrobials. In rare cases, bacteria have been shown to possess specific antilantibiotic mechanisms. These are often species specific and include the nisin lytic protein nisinase and the phenomenon of immune mimicry.

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“…Other compounds that exert a negative effect on biofilm development by S. aureus include the lantibiotic gallidermin (22) and the synthetic cationic peptide IDR-1018 (23). Gallidermin was shown to decrease the expression of the gene encoding autolysin AtlA and the ica operon, involved in polysaccharide intercellular adhesin synthesis (22).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downregulation of Autolysin-Encoding Genes by Phage-Derived Lytic Proteins Inhibits Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus aureus

Fernández

González

Campelo

et al. 2017

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Phage-derived lytic proteins are a promising alternative to conventional antimicrobials. One of their most interesting properties is that they do not readily select for resistant strains, which is likely due to the fact that their targets are essential for the viability of the bacterial cell. Moreover, genetic engineering allows the design of new "tailor-made" proteins that may exhibit improved antibacterial properties. One example of this is the chimeric protein CHAPSH3b, which consists of a catalytic domain from the virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolase of phage vB_SauS-phiIPLA88 (HydH5) and the cell wall binding domain of lysostaphin. CHAPSH3b had previously shown the ability to kill Staphylococcus aureus cells. Here, we demonstrate that this lytic protein also has potential for the control of biofilm-embedded S. aureus cells. Additionally, subinhibitory doses of CHAPSH3b can decrease biofilm formation by some S. aureus strains. Transcriptional analysis revealed that exposure of S. aureus cells to this enzyme leads to the downregulation of several genes coding for bacterial autolysins. One of these proteins, namely, the major autolysin AtlA, is known to participate in staphylococcal biofilm development. Interestingly, an atl mutant strain did not display inhibition of biofilm development when grown at subinhibitory concentrations of CHAPSH3b, contrary to the observations made for the parental and complemented strains. Also, deletion of atl led to low-level resistance to CHAPSH3b and the endolysin LysH5. Overall, our results reveal new aspects that should be considered when designing new phage-derived lytic proteins aimed for antimicrobial applications.

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Activity of Gallidermin on Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilms

Cited by 122 publications

References 55 publications

Dual Targeting of Cell Wall Precursors by Teixobactin Leads to Cell Lysis

Dual Targeting of Cell Wall Precursors by Teixobactin Leads to Cell Lysis

Lantibiotic Resistance

Downregulation of Autolysin-Encoding Genes by Phage-Derived Lytic Proteins Inhibits Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus aureus

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