Activity of 3,19-isopropylidinyl andrographolide against herpes simplex virus type 1 in an animal model

Abstract

Background In our previous study, the semi-synthetic analog of andrographolide, 3,19-isopropylideneandrographolide (IPAD), acts more effectively against herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in cell culture than does acyclovir. IPAD inhibits cytopathic effect and production of HSV wild types and drug-resistant strains. Its effect is associated with the reduction of immediate-early regulatory protein (ICP27) and early proteins (ICP8 and UL42), indicating a mode of action different from that of acyclovir. Therefore, studies of the anti-HSV activity of IPAD in animal models are required before further application. Material & Method Prednisolone-treated BALB/c mice were cutaneously infected with HSV-1 wild-type KOS strain. Experimental groups included control groups (untreated or treated only with the cream base) and treatment groups (with acyclovir or IPAD creams). Creams were applied four times daily for 10 days after infection to the relevant groups. The skin lesion score was assessed twice a day for 10 days. In addition, the effect of IPAD on HSV copy number and HSV late gene (gD) expression was investigated in skin lesion cells by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Result IPAD cream was significantly effective in delaying the development of skin lesions and regression of the skin lesion score by day 5 (P < 0.01) compared with untreated controls. In addition, this IPAD cream significantly reduced HSV DNA copy number and gD gene expression (P < 0.01). No signs of irritation were observed at the application site. Conclusion Topical administration of IPAD cream reduced skin lesions in mice cutaneously infected with HSV-1 KOS.

Andrographolide suppresses SARS-CoV-2 infection by downregulating ACE2 expression: A mechanistic study

“…6 Andrographolide is one of the main active components of Andrographis paniculata (Figure 1), which belongs to the diterpene lactones, bitter in taste and cold-natured, mainly used to clear heat and detoxify swelling. Further, it was found to be effective against multiple viral infections like dengue, 7 swine flu, 8 hepatitis C, 9 influenza, 10 Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), 11 and herpes simplex virus 1(HSV-1) 12 in previous experimental studies. Andrographolide was recently predicted in silico to have a potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity through specific targeting of the host ACE2 receptor and viral factors, that is, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, main protease, 3-CL protease, PL protease, and spike protein.…”

The Antiviral Potential of Iranian Herbal Pharmacopoeia (IHP) on Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV): A Review Article

“…In the process of drug action, the ACV converts to acyclovir triphosphate (acyclo-GTP) and inhibits viral DNA polymerase (Fyfe et al 1978). Nowadays, due to the resistance mutations and tolerant enzyme production, especially in people with immunodeficiency disorders, urgent need to investigate the new antiviral drugs has been highlighted (Roy et al 2022;Majewska and Mlynarczyk-Bonikowska 2022;Chuerduangphui et al 2022). Numerous research studies have been done to investigate the novel antiviral agents (Jassim and Naji 2003), and many anti-herpetic drugs have been approved (Sadowski et al 2021), also researchers have been contributing to develop and produce a new vaccine against herpes infection but, no preventive HSV vaccines have been approved (Krishnan and Stuart 2021).…”