Activity Measurement of Fe&lt;SUB&gt;T&lt;/SUB&gt;O in Molten Blast Furnace Type Slags by EMF Method

Arato, Toshiaki; Tokuda, Masanori; Ohtani, Masayasu

doi:10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.68.15_2263

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…In addition to the present work, FeO activities in complex slags (CaO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -FeOMgO, and FeO content Ͻ 10 wt pct) have been measured by Nassaralla et al, [2] Arato et al, [13] and Park and Lee. [16] Different experimental techniques were used in each of these cases.…”

Section: Activity Of Feomentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Table III shows the values of FeO activity Nassaralla et al [2] 1773 to 1823 gas-slag-metal equilibrium technique 0.8/1.9 sat. * 33.6/42.5 27.6/34.4 with chemical analysis of [C] (wt pct) (wt pct) (wt pct) Arato et al [13] 1673 [2] work and Park and Lee's [16] work. data below are for higher FeO contents.…”

Section: Activity Of Feomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most recent reaction is given by [29] works are the following: Arato et al [13] using the liquid electrolyte type EMF technique, Nassaralla et al [2] using a ⌬GЊ 3 ϭ ϪRT ln K 3 ϭ Ϫ225,500 ϩ 41.3 и T (J) [5] gas-slag-metal equilibration technique, and Park and Lee [10] By combining the preceeding two equations, the FeO using a slag-metal equilibration technique. activity can be expressed by the following equation: There has been a number of studies on MgO solubility in steelmaking slags.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Al 2 O 3 -MgO sat -Fe t O slags with low FeO content (Ͻ10 wt pct FeO) is limited. [2,[12][13][14][15][16][17] Special reference should be made to the work of Iwase and co-workers, who measured the activ-II. LITERATURE REVIEW ity of FeO in a number of slags using an electromotive force (EMF) technique; their work is summaried by Ogura…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of FeO activity and solubility of MgO in smelting slags

Liu

Fruehan

Morales

et al. 2001

Metall Mater Trans B

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In bath smelting, the FeO activity of the slag must be known to predict the equilibrium of slag-metal reactions and for effective control of the rate of reduction in the system. Also, knowledge of the solubility of MgO in these slags is useful for reducing refractory consumption. A series of measurements of the FeO activity in simulated bath smelting slags (CaO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -MgO sat -FeO) were conducted by the electromotive force (EMF) technique. The influence of the slag composition on the relationship between the FeO activity coefficient and FeO content was studied. It has been found that the measured FeO activity coefficient decreases with increasing FeO content in the slag and increases slightly with increasing slag basicity, which is defined as (CaO ϩ MgO)/(SiO 2 ϩ Al 2 O 3 ) on a mole fraction basis.The measured values of the FeO activity coefficient are in reasonable agreement with previously published data. The solubility of MgO was also measured and found to range from 16 to 30 pct and decrease with increasing basicity.

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Section: Activity Of Feomentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Activity Of Feomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Measurement of FeO activity and solubility of MgO in smelting slags

Liu

Fruehan

Morales

et al. 2001

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…Because the melting point of oxide and pig iron are influenced by the concentrations of iron oxide and carbon, respectively, the oxygen potential is correlated to liquid forming. 45,46) In the arrangement shown in (c), the solid-liquid coexistence cohesive region shifted to the lower part of the blast furnace due to the high reduction degree of the ore layer. On the other hand, it was estimated that ores with a low reduction degree in the mixed layer extend the solid-liquid coexistence cohesive region.…”

Section: Reduction Degree Distribution For Each Ore Particlementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of High Reactivity Coke for Mixed Charge in Ore Layer on Reaction Behavior of Each Particle in Blast Furnace

et al. 2013

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A low coke rate operation in blast furnace is desired to decrease the carbon input and mitigate global warming problem. However, low coke rate operation tends to cause the gas permeability to deteriorate. The mixing of small-size coke (nut coke) including high reactivity coke in ore layer is considered to be a promising way to improve permeability and increase reaction efficiency in a blast furnace. Although adding a nut coke mixing to an ore layer is predicted to be empirically effective in low coke rate operation, there is little actual data on microscopic phenomena of each particle in the packed bed. In the present study, an Euler-Lagrange approach was introduced to precisely understand the influence of the packed bed structure on the reaction behavior of each particle in the three-dimensional particle arrangement.It was observed that the heterogeneity on the reaction rate and temperature distribution was influenced by the particle arrangement. When high-reactivity coke was used at approximately 1 273 K, although CO gas fraction increased, the gaseous phase temperature decreased due to the active solution loss reaction rate of the nut coke in the mixed layer. As a result, the ore reduction rate decreased. The contribution of high-reactivity coke to the ore reduction rate depends on the particle arrangement through the heat transfer and reaction heat. Accordingly, in the case of the mixed charge of the high reactivity nut coke in the ore layer, the design of the packed bed structure is important.

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Analysis of bath smelting processes for producing iron

1989

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A simulation model on bath smelting processes for the production of iron was developed which predicts the coal, flux, ore, and oxygen consumptions and the off gas volume, temperature and composition. The model is comprehensive in that it takes into account all of the important variables including coal composition, metal composition, ore composition, slag basicity, post combustion ratio, (PCR), prereduction degree (PRD), heat transfer coefficient (HTC), flux, scrap charge, and heat losses. Four basic cases were considered: I. 30% PRD–50% PCR; II. 90% PRD–0% PCR; III. 60% PRD–30% PCR; and IV. 0% PRD–50% PCR. Several different coals were considered and a sensitivity analysis of the critical variables was performed. The model also estimates the sulfur content of the metal. The major conclusions are: Post combustion siginificantly reduces coal consumption but above 20% PCR little reduction of FeO to Fe can be performed with the off gas. Prereducing to FeO (case I) and having as much post combustion as consistent with good heat transfer is an attractive process. This process only requires a simple prereducer, uses less coal, and is relatively insensitive to the type of coal used. High off‐gas temperatures may pose a potential problem. The off‐gas temperature can be reduced by using an O2–air mixture for post combustion, limiting post combustion or adding water to the gas. The use of CaCO3 in place of CaO or of supplemental electricity does not appear attractive. The melting unit is theoretically an energy efficient scrap melter. For case I using 200 kg of scrap as part of the charge the coal consumption decreases by about 80 kg. With PCR > 30% the FeO content of the slag is expected to be 2–5%, and the metal will not be saturated with carbon. These factors and the increased sulfur load since coal is the fuel indicate the sulfur content of the metal may exceed 0.25%.

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Activity Measurement of Fe<SUB>T</SUB>O in Molten Blast Furnace Type Slags by EMF Method

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Measurement of FeO activity and solubility of MgO in smelting slags

Measurement of FeO activity and solubility of MgO in smelting slags

Effect of High Reactivity Coke for Mixed Charge in Ore Layer on Reaction Behavior of Each Particle in Blast Furnace

Analysis of bath smelting processes for producing iron

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