Activity in the fronto-parietal network indicates numerical inductive reasoning beyond calculation: An fMRI study combined with a cognitive model

Liang, Peipeng; Jia, Xiuqin; Taatgen, Niels; Borst, Jelmer P.

doi:10.1038/srep25976

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Our findings thus suggest that LPC may be more important for navigating relational maps of memories than for retrieving details about individual memories. LPC has been implicated in transitive reasoning (35), mathematical operations such as approximate addition (36), and numerical inductive inference (37), raising the possibility that it may play a domain-general role in vector-based navigation through different types of cognitive maps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Representations of common event structure in medial temporal lobe and frontoparietal cortex support efficient inference

Morton

Preston

2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Prior work has shown that the brain represents memories within a cognitive map that supports inference about connections between individual related events. Real-world adaptive behavior is also supported by recognizing common structure among numerous distinct contexts; for example, based on prior experience with restaurants, when visiting a new restaurant one can expect to first get a table, then order, eat, and finally pay the bill. We used a neurocomputational approach to examine how the brain extracts and uses abstract representations of common structure to support novel decisions. Participants learned image pairs (AB, BC) drawn from distinct triads (ABC) that shared the same internal structure and were then tested on their ability to infer indirect (AC) associations. We found that hippocampal and frontoparietal regions formed abstract representations that coded cross-triad relationships with a common geometric structure. Critically, such common representational geometries were formed despite the lack of explicit reinforcement to do so. Furthermore, we found that representations in parahippocampal cortex are hierarchical, reflecting both cross-triad relationships and distinctions between triads. We propose that representations with common geometric structure provide a vector space that codes inferred item relationships with a direction vector that is consistent across triads, thus supporting faster inference. Using computational modeling of response time data, we found evidence for dissociable vector-based retrieval and pattern-completion processes that contribute to successful inference. Moreover, we found evidence that these processes are mediated by distinct regions, with pattern completion supported by hippocampus and vector-based retrieval supported by parahippocampal cortex and lateral parietal cortex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Representations of common event structure in medial temporal lobe and frontoparietal cortex support efficient inference

Morton

Preston

2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Of particular relevance here is whether adding narrative to AVGs or SVGs improves the independent effects or the additive effects of such games on the cognitive function in young adults. Neuroimaging studies have confirmed that the prefrontal cortex (PFC), located at the front of the frontal lobe, appears to be the most important substrate in the control of various cognitive functions, including attention 14 , working memory 15 , inhibitory control 16 , and reasoning 17 . In addition, it has been suggested that the PFC, which forms part of an attentional control in a fronto-parietal network, includes the frontal eye field that modulates processing in the visual cortex with attention 18 and controls eye movements essential for playing sedentary action video games (e.g., a first-person shooter game) 19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Narrative and active video game in separate and additive effects of physical activity and cognitive function among young adults

Hwang

2018

Sci Rep

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Physically active video games (AVGs) have been found to positively impact physical activity behaviors, especially when a narrative is added. However, the motivational and cognitive benefits of adding narrative to AVG are unclear. We examined the separate and additive effects of narrative and AVG on physical activity and cognitive function versus an active comparator, such as a sedentary video game (SVG). We randomly assigned young adults to one of four groups (narrative-AVG, AVG, narrative-SVG, or SVG) and had them complete sustained attention and working memory tasks before and after a 30-min experimental condition. Participants in both narrative-AVG and AVG groups achieved a moderate-intensity physical activity, while adding narrative to AVG resulted in higher step counts and more time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity than AVG without narrative. Regardless of the narrative effect, participants in both AVG groups performed better on overall working memory than both SVG groups, while both AVG and SVG groups similarly achieved maximal performance in sustained attention. Working memory enhancement was positively correlated with increased heart rate. Participants in narrative-SVG group had a better response accuracy in working memory than those who played SVG without narrative. Taken together, adding narrative to AVG as a motivational component increased physical activity, which was the primary factor in the improvement of overall working memory.

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“…The numerical inductive reasoning task used in Liang et al. (Jia, Liang, Shi, Wang, & Li, ; Liang, Jia, Taatgen, Borst, & Li, ; Liang, Jia, Taatgen, Zhong, & Li, ) is very similar to the rule learning task used in this study. These studies consistently found that the DLPFC was significantly activated during inductive reasoning (Jia et al., ; Liang, Jia, et al., ; Liang et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Goel et al (1997) suggested that inductive generalization based on the integration of multiple relationships might be associated with activation in left medial PFC. The numerical inductive reasoning task used in Liang et al (Jia, Liang, Shi, Wang, & Li, 2015;Liang, Jia, Taatgen, Borst, & Li, 2016;Liang, Jia, Taatgen, Zhong, & Li, 2014) is very similar to the rule learning task used in this study. These studies consistently found that the DLPFC was significantly activated during inductive reasoning (Jia et al, 2015;Liang et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The numerical inductive reasoning task used in Liang et al (Jia, Liang, Shi, Wang, & Li, 2015;Liang, Jia, Taatgen, Borst, & Li, 2016;Liang, Jia, Taatgen, Zhong, & Li, 2014) is very similar to the rule learning task used in this study. These studies consistently found that the DLPFC was significantly activated during inductive reasoning (Jia et al, 2015;Liang et al, 2016). However, since these studies did not distinguish between rule search and rule discovery, it is unclear which cognitive function is associated with the DLPFC activation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dissociable roles of medial and lateral PFC in rule learning

Cao

et al. 2016

Brain and Behavior

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Activity in the fronto-parietal network indicates numerical inductive reasoning beyond calculation: An fMRI study combined with a cognitive model

Cited by 16 publications

References 34 publications

Representations of common event structure in medial temporal lobe and frontoparietal cortex support efficient inference

Representations of common event structure in medial temporal lobe and frontoparietal cortex support efficient inference

Narrative and active video game in separate and additive effects of physical activity and cognitive function among young adults

Dissociable roles of medial and lateral PFC in rule learning

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