Activity in Neurons of a Putative Protocerebral Circuit Representing Information about a 10 Component Plant Odor Blend in Heliothis virescens

Løfaldli, Bjarte Bye; Kvello, Pål; Kirkerud, Nicholas H.; Mustaparta, Hanna

doi:10.3389/fnsys.2012.00064

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(149 reference statements)

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“…P posterior; M medial. Scale bar 50 μm previous study of the heliothine moth in which it was identified as the mlALT (Løfaldli et al 2012). Furthermore, some individual antennal-lobe projection neurons in M. sexta, named PIc, seem to project in a course similar to the tALT (Homberg et al 1988), but were identified as belonging to the mALT.…”

Section: The Transverse Altmentioning

confidence: 96%

Antennal-lobe tracts in the noctuid moth, Heliothis virescens: new anatomical findings

et al. 2016

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As in other insects, three main tracts in the moth brain form parallel connections between the antennal lobe and the protocerebrum. These tracts, which consist of the antennal-lobe projection-neuron axons, target two main areas in the protocerebrum, the calyces of the mushroom bodies and the lateral horn. In spite of the solid neuroanatomical knowledge already established, there are still unresolved issues regarding the antennal-lobe tracts of the moth. One is the proportion of lateral-tract neurons targeting the calyces. In the study presented here, we have performed both retrograde and anterograde labeling of the antennal-lobe projection neurons in the brain of the moth, Heliothis virescens. The results from the retrograde staining, obtained by applying dye in the calyces, demonstrated that the direct connection between the antennal lobe and this neuropil is maintained primarily by the medial antennal-lobe tract; only a few axons confined to the lateral tract were found to innervate the calyces. In addition, these staining experiments, which allowed us to explore the arborization pattern of labeled neurons within the antennal lobe, resulted in new findings regarding anatomical arrangement of roots and cell body clusters linked to the medial tract. The results from the anterograde staining, obtained by applying dye into the antennal lobe, visualized the total assembly of axons passing along the antennal-lobe tracts. In addition to the three classical tracts, we found a transverse antennal-lobe tract not previously described in the moth. Also, these staining experiments revealed an organized neuropil in the lateral horn formed by terminals of the four antennal-lobe tracts.

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Section: The Transverse Altmentioning

confidence: 96%

Antennal-lobe tracts in the noctuid moth, Heliothis virescens: new anatomical findings

et al. 2016

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“…Although pheromone-responsive neurons in the protocerebrum have been reported in moths 11,19,20 , the neurons mediating the pathway from the sensory area to the premotor centre remain largely unknown. Since sex pheromones reliably induce stereotypic behavioural output, the connection may exist between the primary olfactory centre and premotor area.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Information flow through neural circuits for pheromone orientation

et al. 2014

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Moths use a sophisticated olfactory navigation strategy for resource localization. Here we investigate the neuronal circuits involved in sensory processing to generate locomotor commands for pheromone-source orientation in the moth. We identify a candidate pathway for pheromone processing in the protocerebrum using a mass-staining technique. Our intracellular recordings of pheromone responsiveness detect four major circuits, including a newly identified unstructured neuropil, the superior medial protocerebrum, which supplies output to the lateral accessory lobe (LAL), the premotor centre for walking commands. Interneurons innervating the lower division of the LAL elicited longer responses than those innervating the upper division. Descending interneurons innervating the lower division of the LAL showed a state-dependent flip-flop response. In contrast, input from other visual areas in the protocerebrum mostly converge onto the upper division of the LAL. These results reveal the basic organization of the LAL: the upper division is identified as a protocerebral hub that receives inputs from various areas, while the lower division generates long-lasting activity for locomotor command.

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“…Other branches of the neuron in Figure 2 innervate the SMPC and IMPC outside the delta region. Nevertheless, neurons that link the lateral and the superior protocerebrum have been reported previously (Lei et al 2001), and data show that multiglomerular PNs terminate in the superior protocerebrum in female Heliothis virescens moths (Løfaldli et al 2012) and likely so in male M. sexta moths (Homberg et al 1988). These results suggest that the mixture-ratio selectivity documented in Figure 2 may reflect synchrony detection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…In fruit flies, a recent anatomical study revealed previously unknown antennocerebral tracts to the protocerebrum, some of which appear to be inhibitory (Tanaka et al 2012). In female moths of Heliothis veriscens , olfactory information reaches the SP neurons directly from the AL and also indirectly via the MB and LPC, providing evidence for parallel processing of olfactory information at this higher level (Løfaldli et al 2012). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of protocerebral neurons in Manduca sexta to sex-pheromone mixtures

2013

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Male Manduca sexta moths are attracted to a mixture of two components of the female's sex pheromone at the natural concentration ratio. Deviation from this ratio results in reduced attraction. Projection neurons innervating prominent male-specific glomeruli in the male's antennal lobe produce maximal synchronized spiking activity in response to synthetic mixtures of the two components centering around the natural ratio, suggesting that behaviorally effective mixture ratios are encoded by synchronous neuronal activity. We investigated the physiological activity and morphology of downstream protocerebral neurons that responded to antennal stimulation with single pheromone components and their mixtures at various concentration ratios. Among the tested neurons, only a few gave stronger responses to the mixture at the natural ratio whereas most did not distinguish among the mixtures that were tested. We also found that the population response distinguished among the two pheromone components and their mixtures, prior to the peak population response. This observation is consistent with our previous finding that synchronous firing of antennal-lobe projection neurons reaches its maximum before the firing rate reaches its peak. Moreover, the response patterns of protocerebral neurons are diverse, suggesting that the representation of olfactory stimuli at the level of protocerebrum is complex.

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Activity in Neurons of a Putative Protocerebral Circuit Representing Information about a 10 Component Plant Odor Blend in Heliothis virescens

Cited by 11 publications

References 89 publications

Antennal-lobe tracts in the noctuid moth, Heliothis virescens: new anatomical findings

Antennal-lobe tracts in the noctuid moth, Heliothis virescens: new anatomical findings

Information flow through neural circuits for pheromone orientation

Responses of protocerebral neurons in Manduca sexta to sex-pheromone mixtures

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