Activity coefficients for NaCl in ethanol-water mixtures at 25�C

Pitzer and Pitzer–Simonson–Clegg modeling approaches: Ternary HCl+1-propanol+water electrolyte system

“…The potentiometric measurements were performed using the following two galvanic cells (A and B) containing a pH glass electrode (H + glass ISE) and an Ag/AgCl electrode: In order to eliminate the asymmetry potential of the H + glass ISE the potentiometric data of cell (A) was combined to those of reference cell (B) [26][27][28][29]. Accordingly, the differences E = E A − E B were used for the determination of the mean activity coefficients for HCl electrolyte in HCl + 1-PrOH + H 2 O system (at 298.15 ± 0.05 K):…”

Water–ethanol–sodium chloride system: The main sources of uncertainties in thermodynamic properties determined by potentiometry

“…As was shown by Esteso et al [5], the approximation arising from the use of the same set of potentiometric data with the Extended DebyeeHückel Equation (DH), Pitzer model (P) and the so-called chemical model, made it possible to obtain g ± values that agree with themselves within 0.003. The difference among the values increases with increasing content of alcohol, apparently due to some association process.…”

“…A similar task dealing with the mean-ion activity coefficient (g ± ) was formulated in earlier works of Esteso et al [5] and Lopes et al [4]. As was shown by Esteso et al [5], the approximation arising from the use of the same set of potentiometric data with the Extended DebyeeHückel Equation (DH), Pitzer model (P) and the so-called chemical model, made it possible to obtain g ± values that agree with themselves within 0.003.…”

Thermodynamics of the cell: {MexHg1−x|MeCl(m)|AgCl|Ag} (Me = Na,K,Cs) in (ethanol + water) solvent mixtures

“…(7) Therefore it is sufficient to measure the e.m.f. of cell (I) with Me = Na at one molality m of NaCl and one mole fraction x of Na in the amalgam, and the E°is readily calculated from equation (1) since the relevant activity coefficients g 2 and f are known.…”