Activity Changes in Selected Enzymes from Soybean Leaves Following Ozone Exposure

Tingey, David T.; Fites, Roger C.; Wickliff, Carlos

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1975.tb03175.x

Cited by 46 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…It is well known that the activity of peroxidase increases under stress conditions such as drought (Stutte and Todd 1967), low temperature (Gerloff et al 1967), and air pollution (Tingey et al 1975;Endress et al 1980;Varshney and Varshney 1985). A significant increase in the guaiacol peroxidase activity using guaiacol as an artificial substrate was brought about after the occurrence of injury by exposure to 03 at a high concentration for 8 h (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Changes in antioxidant levels and activities of related enzymes in rice leaves exposed to ozone

Nouchi

1993

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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Changes in the levels of antioxidants such as ascorbate and glutathione and activities of related enzymes in rice leaves exposed to ozone at high or low concentrations were investigated. In rice plants (Oryza sativa L. cv. Koshihikari) exposed to ozone at a high concentration (0.50X 10 -6 m 3 m -3 (0.50 ppm)) for 8 h, L-ascorbate was oxidized while the content of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) increased without the concomitant decrease of the content of reduced glutathione (GSH). In addition, the activities of aseorbate peroxidase (AP), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHA reductase), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) declined, though the glutathione reduetase (GR) activity remained unchanged. A high concentration of ozone was considered to destroy the protection system against active oxygen species, resulting in the injury of the cell structure and functions. On the other hand, in the rice leaves exposed for 5 weeks to ozone at low concentrations (0.05• -~ and 0.10• the amount of Laseorbate and total ascorbate increased significantly by exposure to 0.05 X 10 -6 m 3 m -a O~ while the content of total glutathione (GSH+GSSG) decreased by exposure to 0.10Xl0 -6 m 3 m -30~. Activities of AP, GR, and SOD increased by the exposure to ozone at low concentrations. These reactions may be interpreted as protective responses to prevent or alleviate the damage of rice plants induced by ozone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Changes in antioxidant levels and activities of related enzymes in rice leaves exposed to ozone

Nouchi

1993

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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“…Plants were exposed to ozone in a 50 x 50 x 50-cm vinyl chamber placed in a controlled environment chamber in order to maintain light, temperature, and RH at the same levels as in the growth chamber. Air was drawn through a charcoal filter, supplemented with the desired ozone concentration before entering the exposure chamber, at a rate of 8 (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) leaves/g) were harvested 24 h after ozone exposure always at the middle of the light period to prevent variability in data arising from the possible photoperiodic rhythms. After washing with distilled H20, leaves (1 g) were peeled and epidermes were washed with 100 mM KCI and homogenized in a glass homogenizer with 0.5 ml ice-cold 40 mM MOPS-KOH, 100 mm KC1 (pH 6.5) buffer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several pollutants such as ozone (5,6,22), SO2 (14, 16), or NO2 (13) are known to induce an enhancement ofthe total peroxidase activity of plants. The peroxidase increase following an exposure to ozone is different in different species and is a function of the resistance of the plant to ozone.…”

Section: Abstracrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peroxidase Release Induced by Ozone in Sedum album Leaves

Castillo¹,

Penel²,

Greppin³

1984

Plant Physiol.

385

168

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ABSTRACrThe effect of ozone was studied on the peroxidase activity from various compartments of Sedam album leaves (epidermis, intercellular fluid, residual cell material, and total cell material). The greatest increase following a 2-hour ozone exposure (OA microliters 03 per liter) was observed in extracellular peroxidases. Most of the main bands of peroxidase activity separated by isoelectric focusing exhibited an increase upon exposure to ozone. Incubation experiments with isolated peeled or unpeeled leaves showed that leaves from ozone-treated plants release much more peroxidases in the medium than untreated leaves. The withdrawal of Ca" ions reduced the level of extracellular peroxidase activity either in whole plants or in incubation experiments. This reduction and the activation obtained after addition of Ca2" resulted from a direct requirement of Ca2" by the enzyme and from an effect of Ca"2 on peroxidase secretion. The ionophore A23187 promoted an increase of extracellular peroxidase activity only in untreated plants. The release of peroxidases by untreated and ozone-treated leaves is considerably lowered by metabolic inhibitors (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea and sodium azide) and by puromycin.Peroxidase activity increases in plants in response to a great variety ofstresses, including viral, microbial, or fungal infections, salt stress, wounding, or air pollution (9). Several pollutants such as ozone (5,6,22), SO2 (14, 16), or NO2 (13) are known to induce an enhancement ofthe total peroxidase activity of plants. The peroxidase increase following an exposure to ozone is different in different species and is a function of the resistance of the plant to ozone. Ozone-tolerant and ozone-sensitive cultivars have been described, the peroxidase activity of the former being less affected by ozone (5).In a previous work (4), it was shown that there is a parallelism between the level of air pollution and the peroxidase activity measured in Sedum album leaves. This was demonstrated in plants grown in diversely polluted areas. It appeared that S. album is a suitable plant material for the study ofthe mechanism leading plants exposed to a pollutant to increase their peroxidase activity.The present work was performed in the laboratory, under controlled environmental conditions and using standardized amounts of ozone as air pollutant. The dose applied to S. album (0.4 ,ul 1-' for 2 h) is known to increase the total peroxidase activity in many plant species (21,22). Peroxidase activity was measured in several leaf compartments. The data obtained showed that after an exposure to ozone the most significant increase of peroxidase activity occurred in the extracellular compartment. As the release of peroxidase was reported to be a calcium-dependent process in spinach cell suspensions (18), the possible involvement ofthis ion in the control ofthe extracellular peroxidases of S. album leaves was also investigated in relation with the response to ozone. MATERIALS AND METHODSPlant Material and Growing Conditions. Sedu...

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“…Pollutants also seem to exert a very strong influence on chloroplasts (Soikkeli and Karenlampi, 1984) and, as a result, on certain fundamental physiological steps such as carbon fixation, ATP and NADPH metabolism, activity of enzymes charged with lipid and aminoacid synthesis (Tingey et at. 1975), and on the amount of nucleic acids contained in these bodies.…”

Section: Biological Effects Of Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 97%