Activity-Based Data Fusion for Automated Progress Tracking of Construction Projects

Automated Data Acquisition in Construction with Remote Sensing Technologies

“…(1) Enhanced tracking and automation capabilities in the positioning of objects (2) [1,5,7,25,28,[33][34][35] Laser scanning (1) High accuracy in generating point clouds (2) Simple and well-defined internal coordinate system (3) Homogeneous spatial distribution of range points (4) Ability to scan actively in darkness and shaded areas (5) Ability to measure areas without texture (6) Ability to scan a large area (1) High cost of laser scanners (2) Scanning is a time consuming process (3) Occlusion problem and the need for a clear line-of-sight (4) More post-processing effort is required if the device moves (5) Limitations associated with modeling of edges and linear features (6) High storage capacity is needed (7) Not suitable for modeling moving objects (8) Not providing information about material type, texture, and color of the scanned objects (9) Eye-safety distance concerns Around 2% error in volumetric measurement and few centimeters in ranging measurement [28,34,[36][37][38][39] 1 Real-time kinematic GPS, 2 global navigation satellite system, 3 extreme cold or hot weather in an outdoor environment.…”

“…In fact, a number of data sources are combined together in order to provide sufficient details about various activities on site. It should be noted that the level of data fusion is an important factor in order to have a more robust and accurate approach [28]. Recent studies in this field are focused on the integration of various RS technologies in order to benefit from identification, localization, and visualization capability of each of these technologies with applications in tracking objects and activities on site.…”

“…On one hand, both digital images and scanning point cloud data have internal errors that affect the registration process. On the other hand, factors such as the required accuracy, resolution and accessibility of the object may affect the chosen of the optimal method [28,33,34].…”

“…In this case, fusion of the UWB data with a laser scanning point cloud data can help to overcome these limitations. Plus, laser scanners provide a robust solution for object recognition, visualization, and 3D modeling of a site [6,28].…”

“…have found very useful applications in construction industry. In fact, by having a better visualization model of a site and real-time information for progress reporting and schedule updating, it is possible to provide more robust and timely information for an earned value analysis (EVM) [6,15,28]. For instance, researchers in [15] integrated a 2D laser scanner with a UWB system in order to improve their simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm for localization of a moving robot.…”