Activity and selectivity of precipitated iron Fischer-Tropsch catalysts

O’Brien, Robert; Xu, Liguang; Spicer, Robert L.; Bao, Shiqi; Milburn, Diane R.; Davis, Burtron H.

doi:10.1016/s0920-5861(96)00246-5

Cited by 77 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This contrasts with a higher surface hydrogen concentration in H 2 -pretreated catalysts, which probably results in a higher hydrogenation activity and chain termination reactions and, thus, in low molar mass products. Contrarily, higher conversions were obtained over unsupported Fe/Si/K catalysts when the activation was performed in pure CO. [141] Apart from the fact that different activation treatments lead to different iron species in the fresh catalysts, either unsupported or prepared over different supports, the iron phases can be also distributed between several species (carbides, oxides, and metallic iron) during the FTS reaction. This fluctuating behavior reinforces the difficulties in determining a correlation between the catalyst composition and its activity and selectivity.…”

Section: Methods Of Catalyst Preparation: Synthesis and Pretreatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Iron‐based Multifunctional Catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: A Review

2011

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The continuous increase in oil prices together with an increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has prompted an increased interest in the production of liquid fuels from non-petroleum sources to ensure the continuation of our worldwide demands while maximizing CO(2) utilization. In this sense, the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) technology provides a feasible option to render high value-added hydrocarbons. Alternative sources, such as biomass or coal, offer a real possibility to realize these purposes by making use of H(2)-deficient or CO(2)-rich syngas feeds. The management of such feeds ideally relies on the use of iron catalysts, which exhibit the unique ability to adjust the H(2)/CO molar ratio to an optimum value for hydrocarbon synthesis through the water-gas-shift reaction. Taking advantage of the emerging attention to hybrid FT-synthesis catalysts based on cobalt and their associated benefits, an overview of the current state of literature in the field of iron-based multifunctional catalysts is presented. Of particular interest is the use of zeolites in combination with a FT catalyst in a one-stage operation, herein named multifunctional, which offer key opportunities in the modification of desired product distributions and selectivity, to eventually overcome the quality limitations of the fuels prepared under intrinsic FT conditions. This review focuses on promising research activities addressing the conversion of syngas to liquid fuels mediated by iron-based multifunctional materials, highlights their preparation and properties, and discusses their implication and challenges in the area of carbon utilization through H(2)/CO(+CO(2)) mixtures.

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Section: Methods Of Catalyst Preparation: Synthesis and Pretreatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Iron‐based Multifunctional Catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: A Review

2011

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“…The complex interplay between primary and secondary reactions [129] requires catalyst comparison at similar levels of CO-conversion [27,114] in similar type of reactors. This kind of data is not readily available in the open literature and makes it difficult to judge claims and reports of enhanced liquid product selectivity through the introduction of promoters.…”

Section: Selectivity In the Fischer-tropsch Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…250°C [47,114,115,136]. This does not imply a lower liquid product selectivity with cobalt-based catalysts, but rather a higher selectivity on iron-based catalysts for other light hydrocarbon gases (C 2 -C 4 ).…”

Section: Selectivity In the Fischer-tropsch Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fischer‐Tropsch Catalysts for the Biomass‐to‐Liquid (BTL)‐Process

2008

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The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is at the heart of the Biomass-to-Liquids (BTL) process. Feasibility studies published in open literature typically consider cobaltbased catalysts for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Here, we present an overview on the history and development up until the present for both cobalt-and ironbased Fischer-Tropsch catalysts. The role of the support material and various other additives to the catalyst formulation are discussed in detail with regard to activity, catalyst deactivation, and selectivity. Tentative explanations for e.g. the observed size dependency in cobalt-based catalysts and phase transformations in iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts are offered. The productivity of cobalt-based catalysts at high conversion level is currently higher than that of iron-based catalysts. Nevertheless, it is argued that iron-based catalysts may be an attractive option for the BTL-process, since it is much cheaper, impacting on the cost of the process due to inevitable process set-ups in industrial operation. Improvement of current iron-based catalysts is however desired.

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“…Iron-based FTS catalysts are generally promoted with chemical, structural and reduction promoters such as potassium, Al 2 O 3 and copper to improve their performance [8]. Copper can enhance the reducibility of iron oxides to metallic iron [9,10], and potassium as a chemical promoter can aid the augmentation of hydrocarbon chain growth. Al 2 O 3 is a structural promoter that preserves the catalyst's structure against sintering during time on stream and it also enhances the catalyst's surface area, pore structure and attrition resistance in slurry-phase FTS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Reaction Variables on Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis with Co-Precipitated K/FeCuAlO x Catalysts

et al. 2011

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The effects of reduction temperature and reaction temperature, pressure and space velocity on iron-based K/FeCuAlO x Fischer-Tropsch catalysts prepared by co-precipitation were investigated. The catalyst reduced at 150°C deactivated quickly due to an abundance of unreduced iron species. With increasing reduction temperature, the iron oxide's phase transformed from hematite (a-Fe 2 O 3 ) to magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) and finally to metallic iron (a-Fe). The induction period to reach steady-state catalytic activity was reduced at increased reduction temperatures due to in situ reduction by syngas during reaction. CO conversion increased with increasing reaction temperature, and selectivity to C 5 ? decreased with increasing reaction pressure and space velocity. At reaction temperatures up to of 300°C, CO 2 formation by the water-gas shift reaction was linearly correlated with the extent of CO conversion, and CO 2 formation was slightly suppressed at C350°C by a reverse water-gas shift reaction.

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Activity and selectivity of precipitated iron Fischer-Tropsch catalysts

Cited by 77 publications

References 23 publications

Exploring Iron‐based Multifunctional Catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: A Review

Exploring Iron‐based Multifunctional Catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: A Review

Fischer‐Tropsch Catalysts for the Biomass‐to‐Liquid (BTL)‐Process

Effects of Reaction Variables on Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis with Co-Precipitated K/FeCuAlO x Catalysts

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