Activities of daily living and its influencing factors for older people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in urban communities of Fuzhou, China

Abstract

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an independent risk factor for functional limitations among the older population. The predicted increase in T2DM cases combined with the ongoing rapidly aging population may further burden the already overloaded healthcare system and aggravate the loss of economic self-sufficiency. This study aimed to investigate the activities of daily living (ADL) and its influencing factors on older people with T2DM, and to provide implications for the development and improvement of community nursing services in the context rapidly aging population in China.MethodsFrom March 2019 to June 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey among older T2DM patients in Fuzhou, using a multi-stage cluster sampling approach. Functional status was measured by the Lawton ADL scale. Stata “nptrend” test was used to examine the trend of ordinal variables on ADL. Non-conditional logistic regression was used to identify factors affecting ADL limitations.ResultsA total of 2016 questionnaires were received, with a response rate of 96%. 12.4% of participants suffered from varying degrees of functional impairment. ADL limitations increased with age. More comorbidities were associated with a greater risk of developing functional limitations in ADLs. the following sub-groups were more likely to suffer from ADL impairment: those aged 70 and over years (OR = 1.99, 95%CI 1.77–2.56), living in an aged care house or with spouse/children (OR = 2.31, 95%CI 1.25–4.26), low monthly income (OR = 1.49, 95%CI 1.28–1.64), without health insurance (OR = 1.82, 95%CI 1.40–2.40), tight family expenses (OR = 1.95, 95%CI 1.42–2.69), having stroke (OR = 6.70, 95%CI 2.22–20.23) or malignant tumor (OR = 4.45, 95%CI 1.27–15.53), irregular eating habit (OR = 2.55, 95%CI 2.23–2.92), smoking (OR = 1.40, 95%CI 1.22–1.60), sedentary lifestyle (OR = 2.04, 95%CI 1.46–2.85), lack of physical exercise (OR = 1.35, 95%CI 1.19–1.53), sleeping difficulty (OR = 1.25, 95%CI 1.10–1.42), and lack of family support (OR = 1.19, 95%CI 1.10–1.29).ConclusionOlder adults (≥70 years) with T2DM had a high prevalence of functional limitations across a range of daily living tasks, which not only affect individual life of quality but also present a huge burden on the family, health services system, and the whole society. Identified factors associated with ADL limitations may provide useful information for targeted nursing practice and health promotion.

Comparison of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Control at Home Healthcare and Hospital Clinic Care at King Salman Armed Forces Hospital (2021-2022): A Retrospective Cohort Study

“…Patients who can do full daily activities without any assistance were significantly able to meet the target reduction of HbA1c. Jie et al [ 33 ] noted that the prevalence of functional restrictions among older persons (>70 years) with T2DM was high across a variety of daily living activities, which negatively impacts each person's quality of life, their families, the healthcare system, and the entire community.…”

Impaired Activity of Daily Living Status of the Older Adults and Its Influencing Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Disability and chronic diseases are important factors affecting older adults’ ability to perform ADL [ 37 ]. Those with disabilities are less able to take care of themselves, and older adults with chronic diseases are limited in their ability to exercise, and their ability to express themselves is also greatly reduced [ 38 , 39 ]. Ćwirlej-Sozańska et al proposed the development of a scoring system based on a ratio scale for measuring disability in personal and social ADL to establish the degree of disability in older adults [ 40 ].…”

Diabetic Exercise Decreasing Blood Sugar Levels on Women’s Middle Adulthood

“…Keadaan hiperglikemia pada DM yang tidak terkontrol dapat memunculkan kendala serius pada sistem tubuh, setidaknya utama saraf dan juga pembuluh darah [6]. Akibat lain seperti berkurangnya penglihatan, cedera di bagian tubuh dengan masa sembuh lama, dan keletihan bisa mengganggu okupasional pribadi dalam aktivitas keseharian (activity daily living) ataupun produktifitasnya [7]. Prinsip serta upaya pencegahan (preventif serta promotif) senantiasa lebih baik daripada penyembuhan (kuratif) dimana upaya penangkalan penyakit tidak meluas lebih diperuntukan kepada aspek efek yang sudah diidentifikasi [8].…”