Activities of brain antioxidant enzymes, lipid and protein peroxidation

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Organophosphate pesticides are known to induce oxidative stress and cause oxidative tissue damage, as has been reported in studies concerning acute and chronic intoxication with these compounds.</jats:p><jats:p>Our objective was to investigate the activities of brain antioxidant enzymes and malonyldialdehyde, as well as the level of carbonyl groups, in rats sub-chronically intoxicated with chlorpyrifos at doses of 0.2, 2 and 5 mg per kg of body weight per day. It was found that chlorpyrifos induces change in brain antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidise, but to a different degree in comparison to proper control values; however, the elevated antioxidant enzymes activities failed to check lipid and protein peroxidation in the brains of rats. Thus, in sub-chronic intoxication with chlorpyrifos, as evidenced by increased level of malonyldialdehyde and carbonyl groups, oxidative stress is induced.</jats:p><jats:p>Measurements of protein carbonyl groups appeared to give more consistent responses in the rats’ brains when compared to the malonyldialdehyde level after sub-chronic chlorpyrifos treatment.</jats:p>

Cardiac oxidative damage in mice following exposure to nanoparticulate titanium dioxide

“…Impairment of the antioxidant defense system has been suggested to increase protein carbonyl groups in rat exposed to malathion or organophosphate pesticides . Elevated levels of MDA, carbonyl, and 8‐OHdG in the nano‐TiO 2 ‐exposed mouse heart resulted in increased oxidative damages probably due to reduction of the antioxidant capacity in the mouse heart.…”

“…Impairment of the antioxidant defense system has been suggested to increase protein carbonyl groups in rat exposed to malathion or organophosphate pesticides. 69,70 Elevated levels of MDA, carbonyl, and 8-OHdG in the nano-TiO 2 -exposed mouse heart resulted in increased oxidative damages probably due to reduction of the antioxidant capacity in the mouse heart. Consequently, we also evaluated activities of antioxidant enzymes involved in SOD, CAT, APx, GR, and GST, and non-enzymatic antioxidant system such as the redox states of GSH-GSSG, AsA-DHA, and thiol-disulfide in the mouse heart, indicating that nano-TiO 2 exposure greatly suppressed the five enzymes activities (Fig.…”

Phoxim-induced damages ofBombyx morilarval midgut and titanium dioxide nanoparticles protective role under phoxim-induced toxicity

“…It has been suggested that the reduction in the antioxidant system might increase protein carbonyl groups in rat exposed to malathion or OP pesticides (Fortunato et al, ; Łukaszewicz‐Hussain, ). Increased levels of oxidative stress probably due to impairment of the antioxidant defense system in the phoxim‐exposed B. mori larval midgut.…”

Involvement of oxidative stress in liver injury after subchronic intoxication with low doses of chlorpyrifos — study on rats

“…It is important to mention that the lowest dose used in this study is only two times higher than NOAEL for humans. According to many authors, oxidative stress is induced in both acute and chronic intoxication with the organophosphate compounds in humans as well as in the experimental animals and is manifested by the changes in the activity of antioxidative enzymes and/or the changed levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants and enhancement of MDA level -lipid peroxidation marker [9,15,[26][27][28]. Reactive oxygen species are hazardous to human and animal health and causes degenerative effects on different organs [1,18,22].…”

“…These authors have also shown the effects of oxidative stress in the form of increased concentration of e.g. malonyldialdehyde and carbonyl groups [1,7,9,15,16].…”