Activité lipoprotéine-lipasique de différents dépôts adipeux, et ses relations avec la taille des adipocytes chez la vache tarie en cours d'engraissement, ou en début de lactation

Chilliard, Yves; Robelin, J.; Fléchet, Jeanne; Barboiron, Christiane

doi:10.1051/rnd:19850219

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Subcutaneous and perirenal AT exhibited different levels of LPL and CD36 mRNA, suggesting potential divergences in FA uptake. The higher abundance of LPL transcripts in the perirenal AT is in line with results of the corresponding enzyme activity in lactating goats (Chilliard et al, 1981;Bernard et al, 2005a) and cows (Chilliard and Robelin, 1985). The lack of significant variation due to SO is also consistent with previous data in goats fed soyabeans (Bernard et al, 2005a).…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

Dietary sunflower oil modulates milk fatty acid composition without major changes in adipose and mammary tissue fatty acid profile or related gene mRNA abundance in sheep

Castro-Carrera

Frutos

Leroux

et al. 2015

Animal

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There are very few studies in ruminants characterizing mammary and adipose tissue (AT) expression of genes and gene networks for diets causing variations in milk fatty acid (FA) composition without altering milk fat secretion, and even less complementing this information with data on tissue FA profiles. This work was conducted in sheep in order to investigate the response of the mammary gland and the subcutaneous and perirenal AT, in terms of FA profile and mRNA abundance of genes involved in lipid metabolism, to a diet known to modify milk FA composition. Ten lactating Assaf ewes were randomly assigned to two treatments consisting of a total mixed ration based on alfalfa hay and a concentrate (60 : 40) supplemented with 0 (control diet) or 25 (SO diet) g of sunflower oil/kg of diet dry matter for 7 weeks. Milk composition, including FA profile, was analysed after 48 days on treatments. On day 49, the animals were euthanized and tissue samples were collected to analyse FA and mRNA abundance of 16 candidate genes. Feeding SO did not affect animal performance but modified milk FA composition. Major changes included decreases in the concentration of FA derived from de novo synthesis (e.g. 12:0, 14:0 and 16:0) and increases in that of long-chain FA (e.g. 18:0, c9-18:1, trans-18:1 isomers and c9,t11-CLA); however, they were not accompanied by significant variations in the mRNA abundance of the studied lipogenic genes (i.e. ACACA, FASN, LPL, CD36, FABP3, SCD1 and SCD5) and transcription factors (SREBF1 and PPARG), or in the constituent FA of mammary tissue. Regarding the FA composition of AT, the little influence of SO did not appear to be linked to changes in gene mRNA abundance (decreases of GPAM and SREBF1 in both tissues, and of PPARG in the subcutaneous depot). Similarly, the great variation between AT (higher contents of saturated FA and trans-18:1 isomers in the perirenal, and of cis-18:1, c9,t11-CLA and n-3 PUFA in the subcutaneous AT) could not be related to differences in gene mRNA abundance due to tissue site (higher LPL and CD36, and lower SREBF1 in perirenal than in subcutaneous AT). Overall, these results suggest a marginal contribution of gene expression to the nutritional regulation of lipid metabolism in these tissues, at least with the examined diets and after 7 weeks on treatments. It cannot be ruled out, however, that the response to SO is mediated by other genes or post-transcriptional mechanisms.

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supporting

confidence: 81%

Dietary sunflower oil modulates milk fatty acid composition without major changes in adipose and mammary tissue fatty acid profile or related gene mRNA abundance in sheep

Castro-Carrera

Frutos

Leroux

et al. 2015

Animal

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“…This principle did not explicitly exist in other mechanistic model of lactating cows or sows. The shape of this relationship described the alternative influence between the activities of catabolism and anabolism and was consistent with the data of MacNamara (1989) and Chilliard and Robelin (1985). The theoretical and relevant approach of this aspect was chosen because of the lack of mechanistic information related to the complex hormonal systems driving lactation.…”

Section: Flowsmentioning

confidence: 49%

Dynamic model of the lactating dairy cow metabolism

Martin

Sauvant

2007

Animal

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The whole-animal model described in this paper is intended to be a research model with an intermediary structure between sophisticated and simple cow models. The mechanistic model structure integrates the main metabolic pathways of the lactating dairy cow. Milk yield and related feed intake for varying production potentials were considered to be the driving forces and were empirically defined. The model was designed to explain the main metabolic flows and variations in body reserves associated with the push of nutrients from dry matter intake and their pull by the mammary gland to synthesise milk components throughout lactation. The digestive part of the model uses either known feed unit systems (e.g. PDI system for protein) or published empirical equations for the prediction of digestive flows of organic matter, starch and fatty acids and ruminal volatile fatty acid production. The metabolic sub-system is made up of four tissue compartments (body protein, body lipid, protein in the uterus and triglycerides in the liver) and five circulating metabolites (glucose, amino acids, acetate 1 butyrate, propionate, and triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids). A major original aspect of the model is its homeorhetic control system. It was assumed that flows relating to adipose and protein tissue anabolism and catabolism were driven by a couple of linked theoretical hormones controlling mobilisation and anabolism. The evolution in body composition and body weight were outcomes of this control. Another originality of the model is its suitability for milk yields varying from 10 to 50 kg at peak production. This was achieved by homeorhetic control of milk potential acting on several key metabolic flows. Homeostatic regulation was also introduced in order to confine the behaviour of the model within realistic physiological values. For some basic aspects (e.g. Uterine involution, standard kinetics of body protein and fat), it was necessary to build specific databases from the literature and interpret these by meta-analysis. Fairly realistic simulated kinetics were obtained for body composition, liver triglycerides, blood plasma metabolite concentrations, milk protein and fat contents, and also for major groups of milk fatty acids.

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“…Overfeeding had a positive effect, especially in the OV-UN group, on the adipocyte size as reported in cattle [7] and sheep [28]. However, a high individual within-group difference was observed, especially in the UN-OV group.…”

Section: Adipocyte Sizementioning

confidence: 74%

“…This difference could be attributed to the high body condition of the animals in that study that were fattened for slaughter. The average of hump adipocytes was lower than that observed in subcutaneous adipose tissue in well-fed cattle and sheep, but similar or higher to that observed in sharply underfed adult cattle [7] and sheep [27].…”

Section: Adipocyte Sizementioning

confidence: 79%

Effects of feeding level on body weight, hump size, lipid content and adipocyte volume in the dromedary camel

Bengoumi

Faulconnier

Tabarani³

et al. 2005

Anim. Res.

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-In order to study the effect of underfeeding and overfeeding on the fat deposition in the dromedary camel, 14 camels were divided into three groups: an overfed-underfed group (OV-UN), an underfed-overfed group (UN-OV) and a control group (CTRL). After a 4-wk adaptation, a crossover design was applied for 16 weeks including two periods of 8 weeks each. The three energy levels in the diet corresponded to 17% (UN), 68% (CTRL) and 134% (OV) of the theoretical maintenance energy requirements. Body weight and barymetric parameters were measured weekly. Hump fat samples were collected monthly for determination of adipocyte size and lipid content. Overfeeding had or tended to have a significant effect on body weight, hump size, hump lipid content and adipocyte volume. Thus, the increase of the hump weight was 71% in the OV-UN group and 19% in the UN-OV group. Hump fat content increased from 52.9 to 63.6% in the OV-UN group and from 54.2 to 64.7% in the UN-OV group. Similarly, trends were observed for the adipocyte volume with an increase from 138 to 253 pL and from 275 to 346 pL in the OV-UN and UN-OV groups, respectively. Underfeeding had reverse effects: the hump weight decreased by 41% in the OV-UN group and 4% in the UN-OV group. Similarly, the hump lipid content decreased significantly in the OV-UN group from 63.6 to 53.0% and not significantly from 58.0 to 54.2% in the UN-OV group. Underfeeding decreased the adipocyte volume from 253 to 167 pL (OV-UN group) and from 292 to 275 pL (UN-OV group). A high significant positive correlation was observed between the hump lipid content and adipocyte volume. Low speed changes in the hump size, volume and lipid content could be linked to the camel adaptation to underfeeding conditions in dry areas.

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Activité lipoprotéine-lipasique de différents dépôts adipeux, et ses relations avec la taille des adipocytes chez la vache tarie en cours d'engraissement, ou en début de lactation

Cited by 23 publications

References 3 publications

Dietary sunflower oil modulates milk fatty acid composition without major changes in adipose and mammary tissue fatty acid profile or related gene mRNA abundance in sheep

Dietary sunflower oil modulates milk fatty acid composition without major changes in adipose and mammary tissue fatty acid profile or related gene mRNA abundance in sheep

Dynamic model of the lactating dairy cow metabolism

Effects of feeding level on body weight, hump size, lipid content and adipocyte volume in the dromedary camel

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